Abstract This paper describes the architectural and texture/facies evolution of a complex carbonate system through the construction of a regional scale 3D stratigraphic forward model (252 × 152 km2, 4 km × 4 km grid size) encompassing onshore and offshore Kuwait. The model mimics the development of a Jurassic carbonate ramp system at a 2nd to 3rd sequence stratigraphic order (1–80 Myr duration; Schlager, 2010) by simulating sedimentary processes and ecological parameters such as carbonate production versus depth, time, wave energy, as well as erosional and gravitational transport. Multi-scale 1D, 2D, and 3D geological and geophysical constraints have been used to calibrate the Lower Jurassic Marrat stratigraphic model, which resulted in the identification of (1) a dominantly transgressive lower unit composed of onlapping packages of mudstone to wackestone textures, with anhydritic intercalations; (2) a dominantly regressive middle unit composed of prograding inner ramp shoal and lagoonal facies with wackestone to grainstone textures, and finally (3) a transgressive onlapping upper unit composed of mudstones to wackestones textures in a mid-ramp system. The identification of potential reservoir facies like oncolitic shoals located onshore Kuwait, as well as possible porous reworked material transported away from the shoal loci in a relatively deeper mid ramp settings provides a better insight on further model improvement needed to de-risk stratigraphic trapping mechanisms. The identification of porous features in 3D provides crucial insights on the influence of ecological constraints on the complex Jurassic carbonate ramp systems of Arabia.

中文翻译：

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科威特下侏罗统碳酸盐岩系统的 3D 正向地层建模

摘要 本文通过构建涵盖科威特陆上和海上的区域尺度 3D 地层正演模型（252 × 152 km2，4 km × 4 km 网格大小），描述了复杂碳酸盐岩系统的构造和结构/相演化。该模型通过模拟沉积过程和生态参数，如碳酸盐产量与深度、时间、波浪能的关系，模拟了 2 至 3 阶层序地层顺序（1-80 Myr 持续时间；Schlager，2010）的侏罗纪碳酸盐斜坡系统的发育，如以及侵蚀和重力传输。多尺度 1D、2D 和 3D 地质和地球物理约束已用于校准下侏罗纪 Marrat 地层模型，这导致确定了 (1) 一个主要海侵的下层单元，由泥岩到碎屑岩结构的重叠包组成，具有硬石膏夹层；(2) 由进积内斜坡浅滩和泻湖相组成的显性海退中间单元，具有泥岩到粒岩结构，最后 (3) 由泥岩到泥岩结构组成的海侵上层单元，在中斜坡系统中。识别潜在的储层相，如位于科威特陆上的胶结浅滩，以及在相对较深的中间斜坡设置中从浅滩位置运走的可能的多孔再加工材料，为降低地层圈闭机制风险所需的进一步模型改进提供了更好的见解。