Abstract Ratcheting is a common and important failure mode in pressure vessels. ASME VIII-2 2019 edition provides two kinds of ratcheting assessment methods——the elastic stress ratcheting assessment (paragraph 5.5.6) applied to the design by elastic stress analysis and the elastic-plastic ratcheting assessment (paragraph 5.5.7) applied to the design by elastic-plastic stress analysis. This paper focuses on the elastic stress ratcheting assessment, which includes again two methods——the elastic ratcheting analysis (paragraph 5.5.6.1), i.e. the 3S criterion, and the thermal stress ratcheting assessment (paragraph 5.5.6.3). This article reviews the development history of 3S criterion and discusses its applicable scope. The study found that the 3S criterion is not a complete elastic ratcheting assessment criterion, when the primary membrane stress range exceeds two-thirds of the cyclic yield stress, i.e. (2/3)Sy, the ratcheting assessment based on 3S criterion is unsafe for some situations. When the general primary membrane stress Pm and the local primary membrane stress PL, which allowable limit exceeds (2/3)Sy, are applied simultaneously, there is still the possibility of ratcheting failure in the structure even if the 3S criterion is met. As an extension of the 3S criterion, a complete and safe criterion on three-dimensional elastic ratcheting assessment is proposed in this paper. In order to avoid the inconvenience of partition assessment, a simplified thermal stress ratcheting assessment method based on double checking surfaces is proposed. It is a simple and conservative assessment method. Finally, elastic ratcheting analysis, thermal stress ratcheting assessment and simplified elastic-plastic analysis in ASME VIII-2 are integrated, a universal elastic stress ratcheting assessment is proposed.

中文翻译：

---

ASME VIII-2中3S准则的修改和简化的弹塑性棘轮分析

摘要 棘轮是压力容器中常见且重要的故障模式。ASME VIII-2 2019 版提供了两种棘轮评估方法——通过弹性应力分析应用于设计的弹性应力棘轮评估（5.5.6 段）和应用于设计的弹塑性棘轮评估（5.5.7 段）。通过弹塑性应力分析设计。本文重点讨论弹性应力棘轮评估，它又包括两种方法——弹性棘轮分析（5.5.6.1段），即3S准则，和热应力棘轮评估（5.5.6.3段）。本文回顾了3S准则的发展历程，并探讨了其适用范围。研究发现，3S标准并不是一个完整的弹性棘轮考核标准，当主膜应力范围超过循环屈服应力的三分之二，即（2/3）Sy 时，基于 3S 准则的棘轮评估在某些情况下是不安全的。当同时施加允许极限超过(2/3)Sy的一般初级膜应力Pm和局部初级膜应力PL时，即使满足3S准则，结构仍存在棘轮破坏的可能。作为3S准则的延伸，本文提出了完整且安全的三维弹性棘轮评估准则。为避免分区评估的不便，提出了一种基于双重检查面的简化热应力棘轮评估方法。这是一种简单而保守的评估方法。最后，弹性棘轮分析，