Objective

To present for the first time in the north-western Spanish osteological record prevalence data on Stafne’s bone defect, to compare the results with those reported by other studies, and to increase the dataset for future inter-population comparisons.

Material

In all, 143 complete adult mandibles recovered from two necropolises were analyzed (n = 118, San Juan Bautista of Guardo, Palencia province, 16^th-19^th centuries; n = 25, Plaza del Grano, city of León, 12^th-15^th centuries).

Methods

Differential diagnosis of the lesions was made through macroscopic and Computed Tomography (CT) analyses.

Results

Four mandibles (n = 3, Guardo, Palencia; n = 1, León) presented bone cavities on the lingual aspect of the mandible below the mylohyoid channel, between the first molar and the angle of the mandible. CT scan showed unilateral well-defined unilocular oval/round concavities in the lingual mandibular cortex below the inferior alveolar canal. Neither the macroscopic nor the radiological characteristics are compatible with inflammatory or malignant pathology, favoring instead a diagnosis of Stafne’s bone defect.

Conclusions

Four cases of Stafne’s defects are added to the bioarchaeological inventory. The calculated prevalence is 2.54% for San Juan Bautista and 4% for Plaza del Grano, values in close agreement to those presented in other osteoarchaeological studies.

Significance

The identification of all examples of Stafne’s bone defects in past populations will contribute to elucidate which factors may be responsible for this trait’s cultural, ecological, temporal, and geographical patterning.

Limitations

The skeletal samples are relatively small.

Suggestions for Further Research

In future investigations of Stafne’s bone defects, CT analysis of dry bone specimens is recommended, whenever possible.

中文翻译：

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西班牙斯塔夫内骨缺损：四例报告和考古文献简要回顾。

 客观的

首次在西班牙西北部骨学记录中提供斯塔夫内骨缺损的患病率数据，将结果与其他研究报告的结果进行比较，并增加未来人群间比较的数据集。

 材料

总共分析了从两个墓地发现的 143 个完整的成人下颌骨（n = 118，帕伦西亚省瓜尔多的圣胡安包蒂斯塔，16^世纪-19世纪；n = 25，莱昂市德尔格拉诺广场，12^世纪-15 世纪）^世纪）。

 方法

通过宏观和计算机断层扫描（CT）分析对病变进行鉴别诊断。

 结果

四个下颌骨（n = 3，瓜尔多，帕伦西亚；n = 1，莱昂）在下颌舌骨通道下方、第一磨牙和下颌角之间的下颌舌侧呈现骨腔。 CT 扫描显示下牙槽管下方舌下颌皮质内有单侧界限清楚的单房椭圆形/圆形凹陷。宏观特征和放射学特征均与炎症或恶性病理学不相容，反而有利于斯塔夫内骨缺损的诊断。

 结论

生物考古库存中添加了四例斯塔夫内缺陷案例。计算得出的圣胡安包蒂斯塔患病率为 2.54%，格拉诺广场为 4%，这些值与其他骨考古研究中提出的值非常一致。

 意义

对过去人群中斯塔夫尼骨缺陷的所有例子的识别将有助于阐明哪些因素可能导致该特征的文化、生态、时间和地理模式。

 局限性

骨骼样本相对较小。

进一步研究的建议

在未来对斯塔夫尼骨缺损的研究中，建议尽可能对干骨标本进行 CT 分析。