In the present work, biodiesel esters were produced by enzymatic reaction of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) with ethanol using a dry fermented solid (DFS) with lipase activity obtained by Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) in palm cake and fiber in an integrated process. The DFS humidity showed to have a great influence on the productivities and ester yields. PFAD conversion of 75 % was obtained in esterification reaction with a molar ratio of 1:1 (hydrous ethanol: PFAD), 8.65 U/g DFS at 50 °C after 6 h, similar to the attained with Lipozyme RM IM although the reaction rate (g consumed FFA.h⁻¹.g biocatalyst⁻¹) was higher using the commercial lipase. The process was possible to be scaled-up at least 16 times for SSF and 50 times for the reaction, and the biocatalyst production process was reduced from 10 to 8 days. Biocatalyst washing before its reuse removed more than 90 % of the medium adsorbed on the DFS which improved the biocatalyst reuse. The biocatalyst was also able to convert palm oil into ethyl esters with an ester yield of 59 % obtained in a molar ratio ethanol: palm oil of 3:1, 8.7 U/g DFS at 45 °C in 72 h. A preliminary economic assessment of DFS production costs considering a projected capacity of 100 t.year⁻¹, and 7% interest, showed a minimum selling price of 25 $. kg⁻¹ to obtain positive Net Present Value. Even Lipozyme RM IM presenting a better efficiency, the non-commercial biocatalyst presented a better productivity / price (16 g consumed FFA.h⁻¹.g biocatalyst⁻¹.$⁻¹) while for Lipozyme RM IM this value was 12 (g consumed FFA. h⁻¹.g biocatalyst⁻¹.$⁻¹). Further optimizations in SSF process could improve even more the enzyme production yield (enzyme activity/g of material).

在本工作中，通过使用固态发酵（SSF）在棕榈饼和纤维中整合获得的具有脂肪酶活性的干发酵固体（DFS），通过棕榈脂肪酸馏出物（PFAD）与乙醇的酶促反应来生产生物柴油酯。处理。DFS湿度显示出对生产率和酯收率有很大影响。6小时后，在酯化反应中，摩尔比为1：1（含水乙醇：PFAD），8.65 U / g DFS的酯化反应在6小时后获得75％的PFAD转化率，与Lipozyme RM IM相似（g消耗的FFA.h ^-1 .g生物催化剂^-1使用商业脂肪酶的）更高。对于SSF，该过程可以扩大至少16倍，对于反应，可以扩大至少50倍，并且生物催化剂的生产过程从10天减少到8天。在重新使用生物催化剂之前，应先进行清洗，以去除DFS上90％以上的吸附介质，从而改善了生物催化剂的重复利用。该生物催化剂还能够将棕榈油转化为乙酯，在乙醇与棕榈油的摩尔比为3：1的情况下，在45°C下72小时内可获得8.7 U / g DFS，酯收率为59％。考虑到100 t.year ^-1的预期产能和7％的利率，对DFS生产成本进行的初步经济评估显示最低售价为25美元。千克^-1获得正的净现值。即使Lipozyme RM IM表现出更高的效率，非商业生物催化剂也显示出更高的生产率/价格（消耗的16 g FFA.h ^-1 .g生物催化剂^-1。$ ^-1），而对于Lipozyme RM IM而言，该值为12（g h ^-1 .g生物催化剂^-1。$ ^-1）。SSF工艺的进一步优化可以进一步提高酶的产量（酶活性/材料克）。