The putative milk-derived bioactive peptides are the fragments of specific amino acid sequences with unique biological activities. These peptides are of interest as nutraceuticals as they positively modulate human physiology. Milk-derived peptides show various bio-functional attributes such as antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antioxidative, opioid agonist/antagonist, ACE inhibition, and mineral binding ability. They are used as functional food ingredients in various food and pharmaceutical formulations. These peptides are primarily hidden or inactive as they are encrypted in native proteins, however, they are subsequently released after gastrointestinal digestion (acid or enzymatic hydrolysis). This process has been duplicate to generate bioactive peptides at the commercial scale using bacterial fermentation or enzymatic hydrolysis. Nevertheless, the exogenous bioactive peptides generated from different food-grade enzymes or with the digestive gastrointestinal enzymes with non-identical conditions retained the potential of such peptides to have some degree of cytotoxicity or allergenicity to human cells. Therefore, the safety assessment of bioactive peptides using the suitable experimental models and randomized clinical studies are important. This review summarizes the methods used in the production of milk-derived bioactive peptides, their health-promoting attributes, and a safety perspective.

假定的牛奶来源的生物活性肽是具有独特生物活性的特定氨基酸序列的片段。这些肽作为营养食品是令人感兴趣的，因为它们正调节人类生理。牛奶衍生的肽具有多种生物功能属性，例如抗微生物，抗癌，抗炎，抗高血压，抗氧化，阿片类激动剂/拮抗剂，ACE抑制和矿物质结合能力。它们在各种食品和药物配方中用作功能性食品成分。这些肽由于在天然蛋白质中被加密而主要被隐藏或失活，但是随后它们在胃肠道消化（酸或酶水解）后被释放。使用细菌发酵或酶水解以商业规模重复此过程以产生生物活性肽。然而，由不同食品级酶或消化道消化酶产生的外源生物活性肽具有不同的条件，仍保留了这种肽对人细胞具有一定程度的细胞毒性或致敏性的潜力。因此，使用合适的实验模型和随机临床研究对生物活性肽的安全性评估非常重要。这篇综述总结了生产牛奶来源的生物活性肽的方法，促进健康的特性以及安全性观点。由不同食品级酶或消化道消化酶产生的外源生物活性肽具有不同的条件，这些肽保留了这种肽对人细胞具有一定程度的细胞毒性或致敏性的潜力。因此，使用合适的实验模型和随机临床研究对生物活性肽的安全性评估非常重要。这篇综述总结了生产牛奶来源的生物活性肽的方法，促进健康的特性以及安全性观点。由不同食品级酶或消化道消化酶产生的外源生物活性肽具有不同的条件，这些肽保留了这种肽对人细胞具有一定程度的细胞毒性或致敏性的潜力。因此，使用合适的实验模型和随机临床研究对生物活性肽的安全性评估非常重要。这篇综述总结了生产牛奶来源的生物活性肽的方法，促进健康的特性以及安全性观点。