High penetrations of photovoltaic (PV) in distributed networks lead to negative impacts such as voltage violations, which is getting worse when large-scale distributed PV systems come into picture. Due to deficiencies involved in traditional voltage regulation devices (TVRDs), energy storage systems, especially the distributed energy storage (DES) systems, are introduced to handle this problem. Majority challenges in planning and operating DES come from uncertainties involved in generation sources and loads, which dims the benefits from energy storage systems. This paper presents a novel tri-level robust planning-operation co-optimization model to determine the capacity, power, location and scheduling strategy of DES. A tri-level decomposition algorithm, which is composed of security-operation and optimal-dispatch cutting planes, is introduced to solve the non-convex min-max-min optimization problem. Case studies and sensitivity analyses further verify the proposed methodology and demonstrate its effectiveness.

分布式网络中光伏（PV）的高渗透率会导致负面影响，例如电压违规，当大规模分布式PV系统出现时，情况将变得更糟。由于传统的电压调节设备（TVRD）的缺陷，引入了能量存储系统，尤其是分布式能量存储（DES）系统来解决此问题。规划和运行DES的主要挑战来自发电来源和负荷的不确定性，这使储能系统的收益变暗。本文提出了一种新颖的三级鲁棒规划-操作协同优化模型，用于确定DES的容量，功率，位置和调度策略。由安全操作和最优调度切割平面组成的三级分解算法，引入以解决非凸最小-最大-最小优化问题。案例研究和敏感性分析进一步验证了所提出的方法并证明了其有效性。