Abstract Three manure application limits – nitrogen limit, annual phosphorus limit, and multiple-year phosphorus limit (P Banking) are modeled to compare economic profitability and probability of application prior to a runoff causing rainfall event. Particular attention is given to the number of hours needed and available to distribute manure under each limit. Benefits are estimated as the foregone fertilizer applications. Costs are estimated based on the hours needed for manure management. The benefit and cost estimates indicate that P Banking was more profitable than nitrogen limit, which was more profitable than annual phosphorus limit. The number of hours required indicated that the annual phosphorus limit would not be completed within a five-week window approximately 2 of 10 years. If further restrictions based on precipitation forecasts were imposed, the likelihood of completion decreased to 6 of 10 years. The results of the study indicate that regulations that require annual phosphorus limit of manure cost the farmer and may have the unintended consequence of increasing runoff. P Banking would be the preferred manure application rule for both increasing farmer net income and reducing probability of application prior to a runoff causing rainfall event.

中文翻译：

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粪便应用规则和环境注意事项

摘要 三个肥料应用限制——氮限制、年度磷限制和多年磷限制 (P Banking) 被建模，以在径流导致降雨事件之前比较经济盈利能力和应用可能性。特别注意在每个限制下分配粪便所需和可用的小时数。效益估计为放弃施肥。成本是根据粪便管理所需的时间估算的。收益和成本估算表明，P Banking 比氮限量更有利可图，后者比年度磷限量更有利可图。所需的小时数表明，在大约 10 年中有 2 年的 5 周窗口内无法完成年度磷限制。如果根据降水预报实施进一步的限制，完成的可能性将降至 10 年中的 6 年。研究结果表明，要求对粪便进行年度磷限制的法规使农民付出了代价，并且可能会导致径流增加的意外后果。P Banking 将是增加农民净收入和降低在径流导致降雨事件之前施用的可能性的首选粪肥施用规则。