The C–H–O ternary phase diagrams in equilibrium with graphite were developed to determine the gas compositions and boundaries for graphite formation in 500–900 °C. Thermogravimetric calculation results showed that carbon deposition was favored under the conditions of low temperature, high carbon, and low oxygen potential. The carbon deposition with reduced iron was carried out in a syngas of H₂ and CO by thermal gravimetric experiments. The results showed that carbon deposition started at 400 °C, accelerated at 600–800 °C, and stopped at 1000 °C. Carbon deposition was accelerated by the presence of H₂, which was increased with the CO ratio in the gas mixture, and depressed by the addition of CO₂. The reduced iron with large surface area fabricated the carbon deposition. Cementite (Fe₃C) was formed as intermediate that accelerated the carbon deposition rate. The C–H–O ternary phase diagrams in equilibrium with Fe₃C were also provided.

建立了与石墨平衡的C–H–O三元相图，以确定500–900°C下形成石墨的气体成分和边界。热重计算结果表明，在低温，高碳和低氧势条件下，碳沉积是有利的。通过热重实验在H ₂和CO的合成气中进行了还原铁的碳沉积。结果表明，碳沉积在400°C开始，在600–800°C加速，在1000°C停止。H ₂的存在加速了碳的沉积，H ₂的存在随着混合气体中CO的增加而增加，而CO ₂的添加降低了碳的沉积。具有大表面积的还原铁构成了碳沉积。形成渗碳体（Fe ₃ C）作为加速碳沉积速率的中间体。还提供了与Fe ₃ C平衡的C–H–O三元相图。