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Why Males Compete Rather Than Care, with an Application to Supplying Collective Goods
Bulletin of Mathematical Biology ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 , DOI: 10.1007/s11538-020-00800-4
Sara L Loo 1 , Danya Rose 2 , Michael Weight 3 , Kristen Hawkes 3 , Peter S Kim 2
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The question of why males invest more into competition than offspring care is an age-old problem in evolutionary biology. On the one hand, paternal care could increase the fraction of offspring surviving to maturity. On the other hand, competition could increase the likelihood of more paternities and thus the relative number of offspring produced. While drivers of these behaviours are often intertwined with a wide range of other constraints, here we present a simple dynamic model to investigate the benefits of these two alternative fitness-enhancing pathways. Using this framework, we evaluate the sensitivity of equilibrium dynamics to changes in payoffs for male allocation to mating versus parenting. Even with strong effects of care on offspring survivorship, small competitive benefits can outweigh benefits from care. We consider an application of the model that includes men's competition for hunting reputations where big game supplies a benefit to all and find a frequency-dependent parameter region within which, depending on initial population proportions, either strategy may outperform the other. Results demonstrate that allocation to competition gives males greater fitness than offspring care for a range of circumstances that are dependent on life-history parameters and, for the large-game hunting application, frequency dependent. The greater the collective benefit, the more individuals can be selected to supply it.

中文翻译:

为什么男性竞争而不是关心,申请提供集体商品

为什么男性在竞争上的投入比对后代的照顾更多的问题是进化生物学中的一个古老问题。一方面,父亲的照顾可以增加后代存活到成熟的比例。另一方面,竞争可能会增加更多亲子关系的可能性,从而增加后代的相对数量。虽然这些行为的驱动因素通常与广泛的其他约束交织在一起,但在这里我们提出了一个简单的动态模型来研究这两种替代健身增强途径的好处。使用这个框架,我们评估了平衡动态对男性分配到交配与养育的回报变化的敏感性。即使照料对后代存活率有很强的影响,小的竞争收益也可能超过照料带来的收益。我们考虑该模型的应用,其中包括男性争夺狩猎声誉的比赛,其中大型游戏为所有人提供利益,并找到一个频率相关的参数区域,在该区域内,根据初始人口比例,任一策略可能优于另一个。结果表明,在一系列取决于生活史参数的情况下,分配给竞争比照顾后代更适合男性,对于大型游戏狩猎应用程序,则取决于频率。集体利益越大,就可以选择更多的个人来提供它。任何一种策略都可能优于另一种策略。结果表明,在一系列取决于生活史参数的情况下,分配给竞争比照顾后代更适合男性,对于大型游戏狩猎应用程序,则取决于频率。集体利益越大,就可以选择更多的个人来提供它。任何一种策略都可能优于另一种策略。结果表明,在一系列取决于生活史参数的情况下,分配给竞争比照顾后代更适合男性,对于大型游戏狩猎应用程序,则取决于频率。集体利益越大,就可以选择更多的个人来提供它。
更新日期:2020-09-16
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