It has been robustly shown that stimuli with reward history receive attentional priority. However, the majority of this research tests reward history effects on attentional bias using similar tasks for both the reward learning phase and the unrewarded testing phase, which limits our understanding of how the effects of reward history generalize beyond the trained tasks and mental sets. Across two new experiments, the current study addresses these issues by first associating reward with a stimulus in a visual search paradigm, and then testing value-driven effects of that stimulus in untrained and unrewarded tasks, including a cueing paradigm, a go/no-go task, and a delay discounting task. Results of Experiment 1 demonstrate that history of reward association in a visual search task generalizes to value-driven attentional bias in a different attention paradigm (i.e., cueing), indicating these effects are indeed attributable to imbued value that can transfer to other tasks beyond that in which the reward was trained. The results of Experiment 2 demonstrate that in addition to eliciting attentional orienting on untrained tasks, reward history can lead to better inhibitory control in the go/no-go task. We find no evidence for reward history effects in the delay discounting task. Together, these experiments demonstrate that when the reward association task is in the attention domain, reward history modulates attentional priority, and this effect generalizes to untrained and unrewarded tasks that utilize both spatial and nonspatial attention.

事实证明，具有奖励历史的刺激会受到优先关注。然而，这项研究的大多数在奖励学习阶段和无奖励测试阶段都使用类似的任务来测试奖励历史对注意力偏差的影响，这限制了我们对奖励历史的影响如何推广到训练任务和心理设置之外的理解。通过两个新的实验，当前的研究通过首先将奖励与视觉搜索范式中的刺激相关联，然后在未经训练和无奖励的任务中测试该刺激的价值驱动效果，包括提示范式、进行/不进行来解决这些问题。 go任务和延迟折扣任务。实验 1 的结果表明，视觉搜索任务中奖励关联的历史可概括为不同注意范式（即提示）中价值驱动的注意偏差，表明这些影响确实可归因于灌输的价值，该价值可以转移到其他任务其中奖励被训练。实验 2 的结果表明，除了引发对未经训练的任务的注意力定向之外，奖励历史还可以在执行/不执行任务中带来更好的抑制控制。我们没有发现延迟折扣任务中奖励历史效应的证据。总之，这些实验表明，当奖励关联任务位于注意力域时，奖励历史会调节注意力优先级，并且这种效应可以推广到利用空间和非空间注意力的未经训练和未奖励的任务。