Exercise benefits a variety of organ systems in mammals, and some of the best recognized effects of exercise on muscle are mediated by the transcriptional peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-α (PGC-1α). The regulatory effect of swimming on muscle PGC-1α, FNDC5 mRNA expression, and subsequently irisin levels is more controversial. This study aimed to investigate the role of swimming as an exercise on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator1 alpha (PGC-1α) and Fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) mRNA in skeletal muscle and assessment of serum omentin, adropin, irisin, and PGC-1α levels in high carbohydrate high fat (HCHF) diet induced obesity in rats. Sixty male albino rats are randomly divided into 4 groups (15 rats/group). In the first group (control), rats are fed with standard diet. The 2nd group (cont + swim) is fed on standard diet and made swimming exercise. The 3rd group of rats is fed on HCHF, whereas in the 4th group (HCHF + swim) is also fed on HCHF diet and made swimming exercise for 20 weeks. Blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, lipid profile, omentin, irisin, adropin, and PGC-1α were measured. Also, FNDC5 and PGC-1α are extracted and purified from muscle tissue samples measured by PCR test. Our results showed significant increase in glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, cholesterol, and triglycerides with significant decrease in omentin, irisin, adropin, PGC-1α, and HDL in HCHF group as compared to the control group. These results improved after exercise in all parameter in HCHF + swim group compare to HCHF group. Also, there was inverse correlation between omentin and fasting glucose and HOMA-IR in HCHF + swim group. It concluded that swimming exercise improved all the above measured parameters in serum and tissues which might have been promising for the prevention of metabolic diseases.

中文翻译：

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游泳对肌肉 PGC-1α、FNDC5 mRNA 的作用，以及在高碳水化合物高脂肪 (HCHF) 饮食诱导的大鼠肥胖中血清网膜蛋白、adropin 和鸢尾素的评估

运动有益于哺乳动物的多种器官系统，运动对肌肉的一些公认效果是由转录过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 γ 共激活剂 1-α (PGC-1α) 介导的。游泳对肌肉 PGC-1α、FNDC5 mRNA 表达以及随后的鸢尾素水平的调节作用更具争议性。本研究旨在研究游泳运动对骨骼肌中过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ 共激活因子 1 α (PGC-1α) 和含有 5 的纤连蛋白 III 型结构域 (FNDC5) mRNA 的表达的作用，并评估血清网膜蛋白，高碳水化合物高脂肪 (HCHF) 饮食中的 adropin、irisin 和 PGC-1α 水平诱导大鼠肥胖。60只雄性白化大鼠随机分为4组（15只/组）。在第一组（对照组）中，用标准饮食喂养大鼠。第二组（继续+游泳）以标准饮食喂养并进行游泳运动。第 3 组大鼠喂食 HCHF，而第 4 组（HCHF + 游泳）也喂食 HCHF 饮食并进行 20 周的游泳运动。测量了血糖、胰岛素、HOMA-IR、脂质谱、网膜蛋白、鸢尾素、adropin 和 PGC-1α。此外，FNDC5 和 PGC-1α 是从通过 PCR 测试测量的肌肉组织样本中提取和纯化的。我们的结果显示，与对照组相比，HCHF 组的葡萄糖、胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗、胆固醇和甘油三酯显着增加，而 omentin、irisin、adropin、PGC-1α 和 HDL 显着降低。与 HCHF 组相比，HCHF + 游泳组的所有参数在运动后这些结果都有所改善。还，HCHF+游泳组网膜蛋白与空腹血糖与HOMA-IR呈负相关。结论是，游泳运动改善了血清和组织中的所有上述测量参数，这可能有希望预防代谢性疾病。