Proso millet is a highly nutritious cereal considered an essential component of processed foods. It is also recognized with high water-use efficiency as well as short growing seasons. This research was primarily aimed at investigating the genetic diversity among genotypes based on evaluating those important traits proposed in previous researches under both normal and salinity- stress conditions. Use of Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) molecular markers as well as evaluating the association between markers and the investigated traits under both conditions was also another purpose of this research. According to the phenotypic correlation coefficients, the seed yield had the highest correlation with the forage and biological yields under both conditions. By disintegrating those traits investigated under normal and salinity-stress conditions into principal component analysis, it was found that the first four principal components justified more than 59.94 and 62.48% of the whole variance, respectively. The dendrogram obtained by cluster analysis displayed three groups of genotypes under both normal and salinity- stress conditions. Then, association analyses were conducted on 143 proso millet genotypes and 15 agronomic traits as well as 514 polymorphic AFLP markers (out of 866 created bands) generated by 11 primer combinations (out of the initial 20 primer combinations) EcoRI/MseI. The results obtained by mixed linear model (MLM) indicated that under normal conditions, the M14/E10–45 and M14/E10–60 markers had strong associations with seed yield. A similar trend was also observed for M14/E10–45 and M14/E11–44 markers in relation to forage yield. On the other hand, M14/E10–14, M14/E10–64 markers (for seed yield) and M14/E10–64 marker (for forage yield), had significant and stable association in all environments under salinity-stress conditions. Moreover, a number of markers showed considerable associations and stability under both normal and salinity stress conditions. According to the analysis of phenotypic data, the wide germplasm of Iranian proso millet has significant variation in terms of measured traits. It can be concluded that markers showing strong associations with traits under salinity-stress conditions are suitable candidates to be used in future marker-assisted selection (MAS) studies to improve salinity-resistance genotypes of Panicum miliaceum in arid and semiarid areas.

中文翻译：

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正常和盐分胁迫条件下宽谷小种（Panicum miliaceum L.）的农艺性状与AFLP标记之间的关联分析。

谷so是一种高营养谷物，被认为是加工食品的重要组成部分。它也被认为具有高用水效率以及较短的生长季节。这项研究的主要目的是通过评估先前研究在正常和盐分胁迫条件下提出的那些重要特征，来研究基因型之间的遗传多样性。使用扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）分子标记以及评估两种条件下标记与所研究性状之间的关联也是本研究的另一个目的。根据表型相关系数，在两种条件下，种子产量与饲草和生物产量的相关性最高。通过将在正常和盐胁迫条件下研究的那些特征分解成主成分分析，发现前四个主成分分别证明了超过总方差的59.94和62.48％。通过聚类分析获得的树状图在正常和盐胁迫条件下均显示出三组基因型。然后，对11种引物组合（最初的20种引物组合中）EcoRI / MseI产生的143个谷类基因型和15个农艺性状以及514个多态性AFLP标记（创建的866条带中）进行了关联分析。混合线性模型（MLM）获得的结果表明，在正常条件下，M14 / E10–45和M14 / E10–60标记与种子产量有很强的关联。在饲料产量方面，M14 / E10-45和M14 / E11-44标记也观察到类似趋势。另一方面，在盐分胁迫条件下，M14 / E10-14，M14 / E10-64标记（用于种子产量）和M14 / E10-64标记（用于饲料产量）在所有环境中均具有显着且稳定的关联。此外，许多标记物在正常和盐分胁迫条件下均表现出相当大的关联性和稳定性。根据表型数据的分析，伊朗亲小米的广泛种质在测量的性状上具有显着差异。可以得出结论，在盐分胁迫条件下表现出与性状密切相关的标记物是适合用于未来标记物辅助选择（MAS）研究的指标，以改善干旱和半干旱地区紫穗槐的耐盐性基因型。