Prebreeding in plants is the activity designed to identify useful characteristics from wild germplasm and its integration in breeding programs. Prebreeding aims to introduce new variation into the populations of a species of interest. Pedigree analysis is a valuable tool for evaluation of variation in genebanks where pedigree maps are used to visualize and describe population structure and variation within these populations. Margot Forde Germplasm Centre (MFGC) is New Zealand’s national forage genebank and holds a collection of ~ 75 species of the genus Trifolium, of which only a dozen have been taken through prebreeding programs. The main objective of this study was to construct pedigree maps and analyse patterns of relatedness for seven minor Trifolium species accessions contained at the MFGC. These species are Trifolium ambiguum, Trifolium arvense, Trifolium dubium, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium medium, Trifolium subterraneum and the Trifolium repens x Trifolium occidentale interspecific hybrids. We present a history of Trifolium spp. prebreeding in New Zealand and inform breeders of possible alternative forage species to use. Pedigree data from accessions introduced between 1950 and 2016 were used and filtered based on breeding activity. Kinship levels among Trifolium spp. remained below 8% and no inbreeding was found. Influential ancestors that contributed largely to populations structure were identified. The Australian cultivar ‘Monaro’ had a strong influence over the whole population of accessions in T. ambiguum. T. subterraneum and T. repens x T. occidentale had the largest number of generations (3). T. ambiguum and T. medium had the highest cumulative kinship across the decades. We conclude that there are high levels of diversity in the seven Trifolium spp. studied. However, collection and prebreeding efforts must be strengthened to maximize utilization and bring useful genetic variation.

中文翻译：

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车前草属种的预育工作的谱系分析。新西兰种质。

植物预育是一项旨在从野生种质中鉴定有用特性并将其整合到育种程序中的活动。预育旨在将新的变种引入目标物种的种群中。谱系分析是评估基因库变异的宝贵工具，其中谱系图用于可视化和描述这些种群的种群结构和变异。Margot Forde种质中心（MFGC）是新西兰的国家牧草种质库，拥有约75种三叶草属的集合，其中只有十二种是通过预繁殖计划获取的。这项研究的主要目的是构建谱系图，并分析MFGC中包含的七个次要三叶草种质的相关性模式。这些种是车轴草 三叶草，三叶草，三叶草，三叶草培养基，白三叶和白三叶草种西方三叶草种间杂种。我们介绍了三叶草的历史。在新西兰进行预育，并告知育种者可能使用的替代草料种类。使用了1950年至2016年间引入的种质的家谱数据，并根据育种活动对其进行了过滤。三叶草属之间的亲缘关系水平。仍低于8％，未发现近交。确定了对人口结构做出重大贡献的有影响力的祖先。澳大利亚品种“莫纳罗”对T. ambiguum的所有种质都有很大的影响。地下T. repens和T. repens x T. occidentale的世代数量最多（3）。T. ambiguum和T. 在过去的几十年中，中等血统的亲属关系最高 我们得出的结论是，七个三叶草属物种中的多样性较高。研究。但是，必须加强采集和预育工作，以最大限度地利用并带来有用的遗传变异。