Background:Diet is an important lifestyle factor that may prevent or slow the onset and progression of neurodegeneration. Some, but not all, recent studies have suggested that adherence to a healthy dietary pattern may be associated with reduced risk of dementia. Objective:In this meta-analysis, wesystematically examined the associations between overall dietary patterns, assessed a priori and a posteriori, and risk of dementia. Methods:We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health databases from January 1, 1981 to September 11, 2019. Prospective studies published in English were included. Random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results:Sixteen research articles were identified in the systematic review and 12 research articles including 66,930 participants were further included for the meta-analysis. Adherence to high diet quality or a healthy dietary pattern was significantly associated with lower risk of overall dementia (pooled risk ratio = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.95; n = 12) and Alzheimer’s disease (pooled risk ratio = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.79; n = 6) relative to those with low diet quality or an unhealthy dietary pattern. Subgroup analyses stratified by age, sex, follow-up duration, diet quality assessment approach, study location, and study quality generated similar results. Conclusion:Adherence to a healthy dietary pattern was associated with lower risk of overall dementia. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to provide additional evidence about the role of a healthy diet on the development and progression of dementia.

中文翻译：

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饮食模式、饮食质量和痴呆症：前瞻性队列研究的系统评价和元分析。

背景：饮食是一种重要的生活方式因素，可以预防或减缓神经退行性疾病的发生和进展。最近的一些（但不是全部）研究表明，坚持健康的饮食模式可能与降低患痴呆症的风险有关。目的：在这项荟萃分析中，我们系统地检查了整体饮食模式、先验和后验评估与痴呆风险之间的关联。方法：我们系统地检索了 1981 年 1 月 1 日至 2019 年 9 月 11 日的 PubMed、Web of Science 和 Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health 数据库。纳入了以英文发表的前瞻性研究。随机效应模型用于计算合并风险比和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。结果：系统评价中确定了 16 篇研究文章，包括 66,930 名参与者在内的 12 篇研究文章被进一步纳入荟萃分析。坚持高饮食质量或健康饮食模式与整体痴呆（汇总风险比 = 0.82；95% CI：0.70、0.95；n = 12）和阿尔茨海默病（汇总风险比 = 0.61；95%）的风险显着相关CI：0.47, 0.79；n = 6) 相对于饮食质量低或饮食模式不健康的人。按年龄、性别、随访时间、饮食质量评估方法、研究地点和研究质量分层的亚组分析产生了类似的结果。结论：坚持健康的饮食模式与整体痴呆的风险较低有关。