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Impact of coagulation–ultrafiltration on long-term pipe biofilm dynamics in a full-scale chloraminated drinking water distribution system
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-15 , DOI: 10.1039/d0ew00622j Kristjan Pullerits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Sandy Chan 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Jon Ahlinder 5, 6, 7, 8 , Alexander Keucken 5, 9, 10, 11, 12 , Peter Rådström 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Catherine J. Paul 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-15 , DOI: 10.1039/d0ew00622j Kristjan Pullerits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Sandy Chan 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Jon Ahlinder 5, 6, 7, 8 , Alexander Keucken 5, 9, 10, 11, 12 , Peter Rådström 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Catherine J. Paul 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
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While pipe biofilms in DWDSs (drinking water distribution systems) are thought to affect the quality of distributed water, studies regarding the microbial processes are impeded by the difficulties in accessing biofilm undisturbed by DWDS maintenance. In this study, pipe sections were removed from a fully operational DWDS for biofilm sampling over two years and three months, and before and after start of ultrafiltration (UF) with coagulation treatment in the drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). Water (n = 31), surface biofilm (obtained by swabbing, n = 34) and deep pipe biofilm (obtained by scraping, n = 34) were analyzed with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing; with flow cytometry, and chemical and natural organic matter (NOM) analysis as additional parameters for water quality. UF with coagulation decreased the total cell concentration in the DWDS bulk water from 6.0 × 105 ± 2.3 × 105 cells per ml to 6.0 × 103 ± 8.3 × 103 cells per ml, including fluctuations due to seasonal change, as well as decreasing most analyzed fractions of NOM. UF treatment of the water revealed that 75% ± 18% of the cells in the water originated from DWDS biofilm, confirmed by SourceTracker analysis, with the rest of the cells likely released from biofilm on DWTP storage tanks. Following UF start, the ASVs (amplicon sequence variants) in the deep pipe biofilm decreased, and Evenness and Shannon diversity indices decreased, reflecting the community's response to the new environment created by the altered water quality. The pipe biofilm community was dominated by ASVs classified as Nitrosomonadaceae, Nitrospira, Hyphomicrobium and Sphingomonas, with relative abundances ranging from 5–78%, and also included ASVs of genus Mycobacterium, genus Legionella and order Legionellales. This community composition, together with the observation that turnover of nitrogen compounds was unchanged by UF start, indicate that nitrification in the DWDS was localized to the pipe biofilm.
中文翻译：
混凝-超滤对大规模氯化饮用水分配系统中长期管道生物膜动力学的影响
尽管人们认为DWDS（饮用水分配系统）中的管道生物膜会影响分配水的质量，但由于难以获得DWDS维护而无法获得的生物膜，因此有关微生物过程的研究受到了阻碍。在这项研究中，在饮用水处理厂（DWTP）中，在进行超滤（UF）进行混凝处理的开始和之后的两年半和三个月中，从完全可操作的DWDS中取出了管道段进行生物膜采样。水（n = 31），表面生物膜（通过擦拭获得，n = 34）和深管生物膜（通过刮擦获得，n= 34）用16S rRNA基因扩增子测序进行分析; 流式细胞仪以及化学和天然有机物（NOM）分析作为水质的附加参数。带有凝结的超滤将DWDS散装水中的总细胞浓度从每毫升6.0×10 5 ±2.3×10 5个细胞降低到6.0×10 3 ±8.3×10 3每毫升细胞数，包括因季节变化而引起的波动，以及减少的大部分NOM分析分数。超滤处理水表明，SourceTracker分析证实，水中的细胞中有75％±18％来自DWDS生物膜，其余细胞很可能从DWTP储罐上的生物膜中释放出来。超滤开始后，深管生物膜中的ASV（扩增子序列变异体）减少，均匀度和香农多样性指数降低，反映了社区对水质变化所创造的新环境的反应。管道生物膜社区被列为ASVS为主Nitrosomonadaceae，硝化，生丝微菌属和鞘氨醇，相对丰度在5–78％之间，还包括分枝杆菌属，军团菌属和军团菌属的ASV 。该群落组成以及通过超滤开始后氮化合物的转化未改变的观察结果表明，DWDS中的硝化作用局限于管道生物膜。
更新日期：2020-09-21
中文翻译：
混凝-超滤对大规模氯化饮用水分配系统中长期管道生物膜动力学的影响
尽管人们认为DWDS（饮用水分配系统）中的管道生物膜会影响分配水的质量，但由于难以获得DWDS维护而无法获得的生物膜，因此有关微生物过程的研究受到了阻碍。在这项研究中，在饮用水处理厂（DWTP）中，在进行超滤（UF）进行混凝处理的开始和之后的两年半和三个月中，从完全可操作的DWDS中取出了管道段进行生物膜采样。水（n = 31），表面生物膜（通过擦拭获得，n = 34）和深管生物膜（通过刮擦获得，n= 34）用16S rRNA基因扩增子测序进行分析; 流式细胞仪以及化学和天然有机物（NOM）分析作为水质的附加参数。带有凝结的超滤将DWDS散装水中的总细胞浓度从每毫升6.0×10 5 ±2.3×10 5个细胞降低到6.0×10 3 ±8.3×10 3每毫升细胞数，包括因季节变化而引起的波动，以及减少的大部分NOM分析分数。超滤处理水表明，SourceTracker分析证实，水中的细胞中有75％±18％来自DWDS生物膜，其余细胞很可能从DWTP储罐上的生物膜中释放出来。超滤开始后，深管生物膜中的ASV（扩增子序列变异体）减少，均匀度和香农多样性指数降低，反映了社区对水质变化所创造的新环境的反应。管道生物膜社区被列为ASVS为主Nitrosomonadaceae，硝化，生丝微菌属和鞘氨醇，相对丰度在5–78％之间，还包括分枝杆菌属，军团菌属和军团菌属的ASV 。该群落组成以及通过超滤开始后氮化合物的转化未改变的观察结果表明，DWDS中的硝化作用局限于管道生物膜。
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