This paper studies the optimal energy management in a group of dwellings having micro fuel cell combined heat and power systems. To increase the self-sufficiency and resilience of such local community, a peer-to-peer energy trading system between dwellings is proposed in which output powers from fuel cells working under their rated powers can be sold to those already reach their rated outputs but still lack powers. The arising optimization problem from this optimal peer-to-peer energy trading system is non-convex due to the nonlinear dependence of power and heat efficiencies on fuel cell output power. Therefore, a linearization method is proposed to convexify the problem. Consequently, a distributed ADMM approach is introduced to solve the convexified optimization problem in parallel at each dwelling. A case study for a group of six dwellings based on realistic electric consumption data is then presented to demonstrate the proposed approach performance and positive impacts of the P2P energy trading system. More specifically, the proposed distributed ADMM approach is reasonably fast in convergence and is scalable well with system size. In addition, P2P electricity trading system helps operate fuel cells at a higher efficiency and increase the self-sufficiency of such dwellings.

中文翻译：

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住宅燃料电池热电联产系统的分布式点对点能源交易

本文研究了一组具有微型燃料电池热电联产系统的住宅的最佳能源管理。为了提高当地社区的自给自足和恢复能力，提出了一种住宅之间的点对点能源交易系统，其中可以将在额定功率下工作的燃料电池的输出功率出售给那些已经达到额定输出但仍缺乏权力。由于功率和热效率对燃料电池输出功率的非线性依赖性，因此这种最优对等能源交易系统产生的优化问题是非凸的。因此，提出了一种线性化方法来凸化问题。因此，引入了分布式 ADMM 方法来并行解决每个住宅的凸优化问题。然后提出了一个基于真实用电量数据的一组六个住宅的案例研究，以展示所提出的方法性能和 P2P 能源交易系统的积极影响。更具体地说，所提出的分布式 ADMM 方法收敛速度相当快，并且可以很好地随系统规模扩展。此外，P2P 电力交易系统有助于以更高的效率运行燃料电池并提高此类住宅的自给自足。