Light scattering is typically undesired in optical systems as it often introduces defects or otherwise negatively impacts device performance. However, rather than being a hindrance, scattering can also be exploited to achieve lensless imaging using a scattering mask instead of lenses to enable devices with low-cost, compact construction, and yet a large field of view. Lensless imaging can benefit greatly from the ability to dynamically tune the scattering pattern produced by the mask; however, this often results in increased complexity and cost. Herein, we propose and demonstrate particle-based reconfigurable scattering masks to dynamically tune light scattering for lensless imaging, enabling multishot image reconstruction. Disordered particle populations are tuned by rational application of electric fields without requiring bulky or expensive components. Several assembly motifs are explored and studied for optimal performance; in particular, gold nanowires chained between planar electrodes yield the best reconstruction quality and are the main focus in this study. The distinct gold nanowire based scattering masks achieve a complex wavelet structural similarity as low as 0.36. By leveraging the submicrometer thickness of particles and the resultant large optical memory effect, an angular field of view of ±45° is demonstrated. The reconfigurable nature of the particle arrays enables multishot reconstruction which results in enhanced image quality and improved signal-to-noise ratios by up to 10-fold. These results suggest that reconfigurable particle masks could be a broadly applicable means of achieving dynamically tunable light scattering with potential applications in lensless microscopy or high-resolution imaging.

中文翻译：

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基于粒子的可重构散射掩模，用于无透镜成像。

光散射通常在光学系统中是不希望的，因为它经常会引入缺陷或对器件性能产生负面影响。然而，不是障碍，也可以利用散射而不是透镜来利用散射掩模来实现无透镜成像，以使设备具有低成本，紧凑的结构以及较大的视野。动态调整掩模产生的散射图案的能力可以极大地受益于无透镜成像。但是，这通常导致复杂性和成本增加。在本文中，我们提出并演示了基于粒子的可重配置散射掩模，以动态调整光散射以实现无透镜成像，从而实现多镜头图像重建。通过合理地施加电场可以调整无序粒子的数量，而无需笨重或昂贵的组件。探索和研究了几种装配图案以获得最佳性能。特别是，链接在平面电极之间的金纳米线可产生最佳的重建质量，是本研究的重点。不同的基于金纳米线的散射掩模实现了低至0.36的复杂小波结构相似性。通过利用亚微米级的颗粒厚度和由此产生的较大的光学记忆效应，可以证明±45°的角视场。粒子阵列的可重配置性质实现了多次重塑，从而提高了图像质量，信噪比提高了多达10倍。