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Thermodynamics and feature extraction by machine learning
Physical Review Research ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-15 , DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.2.033415
Shotaro Shiba Funai , Dimitrios Giataganas

Machine learning methods are powerful in distinguishing different phases of matter in an automated way and provide a new perspective on the study of physical phenomena. We train a restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) on data constructed with spin configurations sampled from the Ising Hamiltonian at different values of temperature and external magnetic field using Monte Carlo methods. From the trained machine we obtain the flow of iterative reconstruction of spin state configurations to faithfully reproduce the observables of the physical system. We find that the flow of the trained RBM approaches the spin configurations of the maximal possible specific heat which resemble the near-criticality region of the Ising model. In the special case of the vanishing magnetic field the trained RBM converges to the critical point of the renormalization group (RG) flow of the lattice model. Our results suggest an explanation of how the machine identifies the physical phase transitions, by recognizing certain properties of the configuration like the maximization of the specific heat, instead of associating directly the recognition procedure with the RG flow and its fixed points. Then from the reconstructed data we deduce the critical exponent associated with the magnetization to find satisfactory agreement with the actual physical value. We assume no prior knowledge about the criticality of the system and its Hamiltonian.

中文翻译:

通过机器学习进行热力学和特征提取

机器学习方法在自动区分物质的不同阶段方面功能强大,并且为研究物理现象提供了新的视角。我们使用蒙特卡洛方法,在以不同温度和外部磁场值从伊辛·哈密顿量采样的自旋结构构造的数据上训练受限的玻尔兹曼机(RBM)。从受过训练的机器中,我们获得了自旋状态配置的迭代重建流程,以忠实地再现物理系统的可观测值。我们发现,经过训练的RBM的流动接近最大可能比热的自旋结构,类似于伊辛模型的近临界区域。在消失的磁场的特殊情况下,训练好的RBM收敛到晶格模型的重归一化组(RG)流的临界点。我们的结果提出了一种机器的方法的解释,该方法是通过识别配置的某些属性(例如比热的最大化)来识别物理相变,而不是直接将识别过程与RG流及其固定点相关联。然后从重建的数据中推导与磁化强度相关的临界指数,以找到与实际物理值的令人满意的一致性。我们假设没有关于系统及其哈密顿量的重要性的先验知识。通过识别配置的某些属性(例如比热的最大化),而不是直接将识别过程与RG流及其固定点相关联。然后从重建的数据中推导与磁化强度相关的临界指数,以找到与实际物理值的令人满意的一致性。我们假设没有关于系统及其哈密顿量的重要性的先验知识。通过识别配置的某些属性(例如比热的最大化),而不是直接将识别过程与RG流及其固定点相关联。然后从重建的数据中推导与磁化强度相关的临界指数,以找到与实际物理值的令人满意的一致性。我们假设没有关于系统及其哈密顿量的重要性的先验知识。
更新日期:2020-09-15
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