The dynamics of systems with higher-order dispersion are rapidly advancing to the center of modern hydrodynamics research. From natural shallow water waves and nonlinear optics, to manufactured microcavity resonators, these systems offer many surprises that motivate both fundamental insights as well as new device paradigms. An extreme regime of hydrodynamics is the formation of shock waves, where nonlinearities of the system further enhance the phenomenology. Higher-order dispersion can lead to novel dispersive shocks structures whose precise modeling is challenging current mathematical concepts. Here we present a seminal study demonstrating, experimentally and numerically, the dynamics in an interacting superfluid with higher-order dispersion. Raman dressing, a technique which over recent years has emerged as a flexible tool to modify the dispersion, is used to induce spin-orbit coupling that features a region of negative effective mass. Intriguingly, the breaking of Galilean invariance by the spin-orbit coupling allows two different types of shock structures to emerge simultaneously in a single system. Furthermore, we describe an interplay between vortices and shock fronts leading to a surprising stability of one shock, which we attribute to reduced turbulence in regions of higher-order dispersion. Our work suggests that spin-orbit coupling can be used as a powerful means to tune the effective viscosity in cold-atom experiments serving as quantum simulators of turbulent hydrodynamics, with implications for quantum metrology, quantum information, photonic applications, and quantum simulations of neutron stars.

中文翻译：

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湍流中的稳定性：具有高阶色散的超流体在冲击和涡度之间的相互作用

具有高阶色散的系统动力学正在迅速发展到现代流体力学研究的中心。从自然的浅水波和非线性光学，到制造的微腔谐振器，这些系统提供了许多令人惊讶的东西，这些东西激发了基本见识以及新的设备范例。流体动力学的一种极端情况是形成冲击波，其中系统的非线性进一步增强了现象学。高阶色散会导致新颖的色散冲击结构，其精确建模正挑战当前的数学概念。在这里，我们提出了一项开创性的研究，从实验和数值上证明了相互作用的超流体具有高阶色散的动力学。拉曼酱 近年来，已出现一种作为改变色散的灵活工具的技术，用于诱导自旋轨道耦合，该耦合具有负有效质量区域。有趣的是，自旋轨道耦合打破了伽利略不变性，使得两种不同类型的激波结构在单个系统中同时出现。此外，我们描述了涡流和激波前沿之间的相互作用，导致一种激波具有令人惊讶的稳定性，这归因于降低了高阶色散区域中的湍流。我们的工作表明，自旋轨道耦合可以用作调节冷原子实验中有效粘度的有力手段，该实验用作湍流流体动力学的量子模拟器，对量子计量，量子信息，光子应用，