Marine coastal (or “blue”) ecosystems provide valuable services to humanity and the environment, but global loss and degradation of blue ecosystems necessitates ecological restoration. However, blue restoration is an emerging field and is still relatively experimental and small-scale. Identification of the key barriers to scaling-up blue restoration will enable targeted problem solving and increase the likelihood of success. Here we describe the environmental, technical, social, economic, and political barriers to restoration of blue ecosystems, including saltmarsh, mangroves, seagrass, shellfish reefs, coral reefs, and kelp forests. We provide managers, practitioners, and decision-makers with solutions to construct barrier-informed blue restoration plans and illustrate these solutions through the use of case studies where barriers were overcome. We offer a way forward to build confidence in blue restoration for society, government, and restoration practitioners at larger and more ambitious scales.

中文翻译：

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蓝色恢复——建立信心和克服障碍

海洋沿海（或“蓝色”）生态系统为人类和环境提供有价值的服务，但蓝色生态系统的全球损失和退化需要生态恢复。然而，蓝色修复是一个新兴领域，还相对实验性和小规模。确定扩大蓝色修复规模的主要障碍将有助于有针对性地解决问题并增加成功的可能性。在这里，我们描述了恢复蓝色生态系统的环境、技术、社会、经济和政治障碍，包括盐沼、红树林、海草、贝类礁、珊瑚礁和海藻林。我们为管理者、从业者和决策者提供构建障碍知情蓝色恢复计划的解决方案，并通过使用克服障碍的案例研究来说明这些解决方案。