Almost 140 years after its discovery, tuberculosis remains the leading infectious cause of death globally. For half a century, patients with drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tuberculosis have undergone long, arduous, and complex treatment processes with several antimicrobials that primarily function through direct bactericidal activity. Long-term utilization of these antimicrobials has been well-characterized and associated with numerous toxic side-effects. With the prevalence of drug-resistant strains on the rise and new therapies for tuberculosis urgently required, a more thorough understanding of these antimicrobials is a necessity. In order to progress from the “one size fits all” treatment approach, understanding how these antimicrobials affect mitochondrial function and bioenergetics may provide further insight into how these drugs affect the overall functions of host immune cells during tuberculosis infection. Such insights may help to inform future studies, instigate discussion, and help toward establishing personalized approaches to using such antimicrobials which could help to pave the way for more tailored treatment regimens. While recent research has highlighted the important role mitochondria and bioenergetics play in infected host cells, only a small number of studies have examined how these antimicrobials affect mitochondrial function and immunometabolic processes within these immune cells. This short review highlights how these antimicrobials affect key elements of mitochondrial function, leading to further discussion on how they affect bioenergetic processes, such as glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, and how antimicrobial-induced alterations in these processes can be linked to downstream changes in inflammation, autophagy, and altered bactericidal activity.

结核病被发现后将近140年，仍然是全球范围内主要的死因。半个世纪以来，对药物敏感和耐药的结核病患者经历了漫长，艰巨而复杂的治疗过程，使用了几种主要通过直接杀菌作用发挥作用的抗生素。这些抗微生物剂的长期使用已被很好地表征，并且与许多毒性副作用有关。随着耐药菌株的流行和急需治疗结核病的新疗法，有必要对这些抗菌药物有更透彻的了解。为了从“一刀切”的治疗方法中获益，了解这些抗微生物剂如何影响线粒体功能和生物能可能进一步了解这些药物在结核感染期间如何影响宿主免疫细胞的整体功能。此类见解可能有助于为将来的研究提供信息，促进讨论，​​并有助于建立使用此类抗菌剂的个性化方法，这可能有助于为更定制的治疗方案铺平道路。尽管最近的研究强调了线粒体和生物能学在受感染宿主细胞中的重要作用，但只有少数研究检查了这些抗微生物剂如何影响这些免疫细胞内的线粒体功能和免疫代谢过程。这篇简短的评论重点介绍了这些抗菌素如何影响线粒体功能的关键要素，