The high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) offers several advantages, such as high proton conductivity, high CO tolerance, good chemical/thermal stability, good mechanical properties, and low cost. The proton exchange membrane (PEM) is the critical component of HT-PEMFC. This work discusses the methods of current PEMs development for HT-PEMFC including modifications of Nafion® membranes and the advancement in composite PEMs based on non-fluorinated polymers. The modified Nafion®-based membranes can be used at temperatures up to 140 °C. Nevertheless, the application of Nafion®-based membranes is limited by their humidification with water molecules acting as proton carriers and, thus, by the operation conditions of membranes under a relative humidity below 20%. To obtain PEMs applied at higher temperatures under non-humidified conditions, phosphoric acid (PA) or ionic liquids (ILs) are used as proton carriers in PEMs based on non-fluorinated polymers. The research discussed in this work provides the approaches to improving the physicochemical properties and performance fuel cell of PEMs. The effects of polymer blending, crosslinking, and the incorporation of inorganic particles on the membrane properties and fuel cell performance have been scrutinized. The incorporation of inorganic particles modified with ILs might be an effective approach to designing high-performance PEMs for HT-PEMFC.

中文翻译：

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高性能高温质子交换膜燃料电池（HT-PEMFC）的质子交换膜的进展

高温质子交换膜燃料电池（HT-PEMFC）具有多个优点，例如高质子传导率，高CO耐受性，良好的化学/热稳定性，良好的机械性能和低成本。质子交换膜（PEM）是HT-PEMFC的关键组件。这项工作讨论了目前用于HT-PEMFC的PEM的开发方法，包括对Nafion®膜的修改以及基于非氟化聚合物的复合PEM的改进。改性的基于Nafion®的膜可在最高140°C的温度下使用。然而，基于Nafion®的膜的应用受到水分子作为质子载体的加湿作用的限制，因此受到相对湿度低于20％的膜的操作条件的限制。为了获得在非湿润条件下在较高温度下应用的PEM，磷酸（PA）或离子液体（IL）被用作基于非氟化聚合物的PEM中的质子载体。这项工作中讨论的研究提供了改善PEM的理化特性和性能燃料电池的方法。已经研究了聚合物共混，交联和无机颗粒的掺入对膜性能和燃料电池性能的影响。掺入经ILs改性的无机颗粒可能是设计用于HT-PEMFC的高性能PEM的有效方法。这项工作中讨论的研究提供了改善PEM的理化特性和性能燃料电池的方法。已经研究了聚合物共混，交联和无机颗粒的掺入对膜性能和燃料电池性能的影响。掺入用IL改性的无机颗粒可能是设计用于HT-PEMFC的高性能PEM的有效方法。这项工作中讨论的研究提供了改善PEM的理化特性和性能燃料电池的方法。已经研究了聚合物共混，交联和无机颗粒的掺入对膜性能和燃料电池性能的影响。掺入用IL改性的无机颗粒可能是设计用于HT-PEMFC的高性能PEM的有效方法。