Airborne and spaceborne remote sensing in archaeology generates at least two important issues for discussion: technology and visualization. Technology seems to open new cognitive perspectives for archaeology and keeps researchers increasingly fascinated in its capabilities (archaeological science being a case in point). Acquired data, especially via remote sensing methods, can be studied after processing and visualizing. The paper raises several issues related to the new cognitive situation of archaeologists facing the development of new technologies within remote sensing methods. These issues are discussed from ontological, epistemological, and discursive perspectives, supporting an exploration of the role of technology and visualization. The ontological perspective places the visualization of remote sensing data in the context of understanding Virtual Reality and Jean Baudrillard’s simulacra. The epistemological perspective generates questions related to visualization as mimesis, the issue of cultural neutrality, and the use of sophisticated classifications and analytical techniques. The level of discursiveness of visualization includes categories such as persuasion, standardization, and aesthetics. This discussion is framed in relation to Martin Heidegger’s understanding of technology and a dichotomy of naturalism versus antinaturalism.

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可视化的力量和/或代价：关于考古中遥感数据和产品的一些思考

考古中的机载和星载遥感至少产生两个重要的讨论议题：技术和可视化。技术似乎为考古学打开了新的认知视野，并使研究人员对其功能越来越着迷（考古科学就是一个例子）。经过处理和可视化后，可以研究采集的数据，尤其是通过遥感方法获得的数据。本文提出了一些与考古学家的新认知状况有关的问题，这些新认知状况面临着遥感方法中新技术的发展。从本体论，认识论和论述论的角度讨论了这些问题，从而支持了对技术和可视化作用的探索。本体论的观点将遥感数据的可视化放在理解虚拟现实和让·鲍德里亚的模拟中。认识论的观点产生了与可视化有关的问题，例如模仿，文化中立性问题以及复杂分类和分析技术的使用。可视化的话语级别包括说服，标准化和美观等类别。该讨论是与马丁·海德格尔（Martin Heidegger）对技术的理解以及自然主义与反自然主义的二分法相关的。