Renal diets are recommended for dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study examined the effects of foods with added betaine and fiber on the plasma and fecal metabolome and fecal microbiome in dogs with early stage CKD. At baseline, several metabolites differed between healthy dogs and those with CKD. Dogs with CKD (n = 28) received a control food, low soluble fiber plus betaine food (0.5% betaine, 0.39% oat beta-glucan, and 0.27% short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS)), or high soluble fiber plus betaine food (0.5% betaine, 0.59% oat beta-glucan, and 0.41% scFOS) each for 10 weeks in different sequences. Consumption of test foods led to several favorable, significant changes in the plasma metabolome, including decreases of several uremic toxins and other deleterious metabolites, and increases in favorable metabolites compared with the control food. Only 7 fecal metabolites significantly changed with consumption of the test foods compared with the control food, largely increases in polyphenols and lignans. Few changes were seen in the fecal microbiome, though some taxa that significantly changed in response to the test foods have beneficial effects on health, with some negatively correlating with uremic toxins. Overall, foods with added betaine and soluble fiber showed positive effects on the plasma and fecal metabolomes.

中文翻译：

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添加饮食甜菜碱和可溶性纤维对早期肾脏疾病犬的代谢产物和粪便微生物组的影响。

肾脏饮食建议用于患有慢性肾脏疾病（CKD）的狗。这项研究检查了添加甜菜碱和纤维的食物对早期CKD犬血浆，粪便代谢组和粪便微生物组的影响。在基线时，健康犬和患有CKD的犬之间的几种代谢产物有所不同。患有CKD的狗（n = 28）接受对照食物，低可溶性纤维加甜菜碱食物（0.5％甜菜碱，0.39％燕麦β-葡聚糖和0.27％短链低聚果糖（scFOS））或高可溶性纤维加甜菜碱食物（0.5％甜菜碱，0.59％燕麦β-葡聚糖和0.41％scFOS）分别以不同的顺序进行10周。食用测试食品会导致血浆代谢组发生一些有利的显着变化，包括几种尿毒症毒素和其他有害代谢产物的减少，与对照食品相比，有益代谢产物增加。与对照食物相比，受试食物的摄入量仅有7种粪便代谢物发生了显着变化，其中多酚和木脂素的含量大大增加。粪便微生物组中几乎没有看到变化，尽管一些响应测试食物而发生显着变化的分类单元对健康有有益的影响，而某些与尿毒症毒素负相关。总体而言，添加甜菜碱和可溶性纤维的食物对血浆和粪便代谢组有积极作用。尽管某些因测试食物而发生明显变化的分类单元对健康有益，但有些与尿毒症毒素呈负相关。总体而言，添加甜菜碱和可溶性纤维的食物对血浆和粪便代谢组有积极作用。尽管某些因测试食物而发生显着变化的分类单元对健康有益，但有些与尿毒症毒素呈负相关。总体而言，添加甜菜碱和可溶性纤维的食物对血浆和粪便代谢组有积极作用。