Malaria threatens the lives of many people throughout the world. To counteract its spread, knowledge of the prevalence of malaria and the effectiveness of intervention strategies is of great importance. The aim of this study was to assess (1) the spread of malaria by means of a spatial agent-based model (ABM) and (2) the effectiveness of several interventions in controlling the spread of malaria. We focused on Sarbaz county in Iran, a malaria-endemic area where the prevalence rate is high. Our ABM, which was carried out in two steps, considers humans and mosquitoes along with their attributes and behaviors as agents, while the environment is made up of diverse environmental factors, namely air temperature, relative humidity, vegetation, altitude, distance from rivers and reservoirs, and population density, the first three of which change over time. As control interventions, we included long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS). The simulation results showed that applying LLINs and IRS in combination, rather than separately, was most efficient in reducing the number of infected humans. In addition, LLINs and IRS with moderate or high and high coverage rates, respectively, had significant effects on reducing the number of infected humans when applied separately. Our results can assist health policymakers in selecting appropriate intervention strategies in Iran to reduce malaria transmission.

中文翻译：

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基于空间代理的评估与伊朗东南部反疟疾干预相关的疟疾传播的模型

疟疾威胁着全世界许多人的生命。为了抵消其传播，了解疟疾的流行情况和干预策略的有效性非常重要。这项研究的目的是评估（1）通过基于空间媒介的模型（ABM）进行的疟疾传播，以及（2）控制疟疾传播的几种干预措施的有效性。我们的重点是伊朗的萨尔巴兹县，那里是疟疾高发地区。我们的ABM分两步进行，将人类和蚊子以及它们的属性和行为视为媒介，而环境则由多种环境因素组成，包括气温，相对湿度，植被，海拔，与河流的距离以及水库和人口密度，其中前三个随时间变化。作为控制干预措施，我们包括了持久的杀虫网（LLIN）和室内残留喷洒（IRS）。仿真结果表明，结合使用LLIN和IRS而不是分开使用，可以最有效地减少受感染的人数。此外，分别使用中度或高和高覆盖率的LLIN和IRS分别对减少受感染的人数有重要影响。我们的结果可以帮助卫生政策制定者在伊朗选择适当的干预策略以减少疟疾传播。此外，分别使用中度或高和高覆盖率的LLIN和IRS分别对减少受感染的人数有重要影响。我们的结果可以帮助卫生政策制定者在伊朗选择适当的干预策略以减少疟疾传播。此外，分别使用中等或高和高覆盖率的LLIN和IRS分别对减少感染者的数量有重要影响。我们的结果可以帮助卫生政策制定者在伊朗选择适当的干预策略以减少疟疾传播。