Soils under natural, tropical forests provide essential ecosystem services that have been shaped by long-term soil–vegetation feedbacks. However, deforestation of tropical forest, with a net rate of 5.5 million hectares annually in 2010–2015, profoundly impacts soil properties and functions. Reforestation is also prominent in the tropics, again altering the state and functioning of the underlying soils. In this Review, we discuss the substantial changes in dynamic soil properties following deforestation and during reforestation. Changes associated with deforestation continue for decades after forest clearing eventually extend to deep subsoils and strongly affect soil functions, including nutrient storage and recycling, carbon storage and greenhouse gas emissions, erosion resistance and water storage, drainage and filtration. Reforestation reverses many of the effects of deforestation, mainly in the topsoil, but such restoration can take decades and the resulting soil properties still deviate from those under natural forests. Improved management of soil organic matter in converted land uses can moderate or reduce the ecologically deleterious effects of deforestation on soils. We emphasize the importance of soil knowledge not only in cross-disciplinary research on deforestation and reforestation but also in developing effective incentives and policies to reduce deforestation.

天然，热带森林下的土壤提供了必要的生态系统服务，这些服务已因长期的土壤－植被反馈而形成。但是，热带森林的砍伐在2010-2015年期间每年净增加550万公顷，严重影响土壤的性质和功能。在热带地区，造林也很重要，再次改变了下层土壤的状态和功能。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了毁林后和重新造林期间土壤动态特性的重大变化。与森林砍伐有关的变化在森林砍伐最终扩展到深层的深层土壤并持续影响土壤功能（包括养分存储和循环利用，碳存储和温室气体排放，抗侵蚀性以及储水，排水和过滤）后的数十年里继续存在。植树造林逆转了森林砍伐的许多影响，主要是在表土中，但是这种恢复可能需要数十年的时间，因此产生的土壤性质仍然与天然林下的土壤性质有所不同。改善转化土地用途中土壤有机质的管理可以减轻或减少森林砍伐对土壤的生态有害影响。我们强调土壤知识的重要性，不仅在森林砍伐和再造林的跨学科研究中，而且在制定减少森林砍伐的有效激励措施和政策中也很重要。改善转化土地用途中土壤有机质的管理可以减轻或减少森林砍伐对土壤的生态有害影响。我们强调土壤知识的重要性，不仅在森林砍伐和再造林的跨学科研究中，而且在制定减少森林砍伐的有效激励措施和政策中也很重要。改善转化土地用途中土壤有机质的管理可以减轻或减少森林砍伐对土壤的生态有害影响。我们强调土壤知识的重要性，不仅在森林砍伐和再造林的跨学科研究中，而且在制定减少森林砍伐的有效激励措施和政策中也很重要。