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Macrophages and the maintenance of homeostasis.
Cellular & Molecular Immunology ( IF 21.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-15 , DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00541-3
David M Mosser 1 , Kajal Hamidzadeh 1 , Ricardo Goncalves 2
Affiliation  

There have been many chapters written about macrophage polarization. These chapters generally focus on the role of macrophages in orchestrating immune responses by highlighting the T-cell-derived cytokines that shape these polarizing responses. This bias toward immunity is understandable, given the importance of macrophages to host defense. However, macrophages are ubiquitous and are involved in many different cellular processes, and describing them as immune cells is undoubtedly an oversimplification. It disregards their important roles in development, tissue remodeling, wound healing, angiogenesis, and metabolism, to name just a few processes. In this chapter, we propose that macrophages function as transducers in the body. According to Wikipedia, “A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another.” The word transducer is a term used to describe both the “sensor,” which can interpret a wide range of energy forms, and the “actuator,” which can switch voltages or currents to affect the environment. Macrophages are able to sense a seemingly endless variety of inputs from their environment and transduce these inputs into a variety of different response outcomes. Thus, rather than functioning as immune cells, they should be considered more broadly as cellular transducers that interpret microenvironmental changes and actuate vital tissue responses. In this chapter, we will describe some of the sensory stimuli that macrophages perceive and the responses they make to these stimuli to achieve their prime directive, which is the maintenance of homeostasis.



中文翻译:

巨噬细胞和体内平衡的维持。

关于巨噬细胞极化已经写了很多章节。这些章节通过强调形成这些极化反应的 T 细胞衍生的细胞因子,通常侧重于巨噬细胞在协调免疫反应中的作用。鉴于巨噬细胞对宿主防御的重要性,这种对免疫的偏见是可以理解的。然而,巨噬细胞无处不在,并参与许多不同的细胞过程,将它们描述为免疫细胞无疑过于简单化了。它忽略了它们在发育、组织重塑、伤口愈合、血管生成和新陈代谢中的重要作用,仅举几个过程。在本章中,我们提出巨噬细胞在体内起到传感器的作用。根据维基百科,“换能器是将能量从一种形式转换为另一种形式的设备。换能器这个词既是用来描述“传感器”的术语,它可以解释各种能量形式,也可以用来描述“执行器”,它可以切换电压或电流以影响环境。巨噬细胞能够从其环境中感知看似无穷无尽的各种输入,并将这些输入转化为各种不同的反应结果。因此,它们不应作为免疫细胞发挥作用,而应被更广泛地视为解释微环境变化并驱动重要组织反应的细胞传感器。在本章中,我们将描述巨噬细胞感知的一些感觉刺激以及它们对这些刺激的反应以实现其主要指令,即维持体内平衡。和“执行器”,它可以切换电压或电流以影响环境。巨噬细胞能够从其环境中感知看似无穷无尽的各种输入,并将这些输入转化为各种不同的反应结果。因此,它们不应作为免疫细胞发挥作用,而应被更广泛地视为解释微环境变化并驱动重要组织反应的细胞传感器。在本章中,我们将描述巨噬细胞感知的一些感觉刺激以及它们对这些刺激的反应以实现其主要指令,即维持体内平衡。和“执行器”,它可以切换电压或电流以影响环境。巨噬细胞能够从其环境中感知看似无穷无尽的各种输入,并将这些输入转化为各种不同的反应结果。因此,它们不应作为免疫细胞发挥作用,而应被更广泛地视为解释微环境变化并驱动重要组织反应的细胞传感器。在本章中,我们将描述巨噬细胞感知的一些感觉刺激以及它们对这些刺激的反应以实现其主要指令,即维持体内平衡。巨噬细胞能够从其环境中感知看似无穷无尽的各种输入,并将这些输入转化为各种不同的反应结果。因此,它们不应作为免疫细胞发挥作用,而应被更广泛地视为解释微环境变化并驱动重要组织反应的细胞传感器。在本章中,我们将描述巨噬细胞感知的一些感觉刺激以及它们对这些刺激的反应以实现其主要指令,即维持体内平衡。巨噬细胞能够从其环境中感知看似无穷无尽的各种输入,并将这些输入转化为各种不同的反应结果。因此,它们不应作为免疫细胞发挥作用,而应被更广泛地视为解释微环境变化并驱动重要组织反应的细胞传感器。在本章中,我们将描述巨噬细胞感知的一些感觉刺激以及它们对这些刺激的反应以实现其主要指令,即维持体内平衡。

更新日期:2020-09-15
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