Acetogens are anaerobic bacteria capable of fixing CO₂ or CO to produce acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and ultimately acetate using the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (WLP). Acetobacterium woodii is the type strain of the Acetobacterium genus and has been critical for understanding the biochemistry and energy conservation in acetogens. Members of the Acetobacterium genus have been isolated from a variety of environments or have had genomes recovered from metagenome data, but no systematic investigation has been done on the unique and various metabolisms of the genus. To gain a better appreciation for the metabolic breadth of the genus, we sequenced the genomes of 4 isolates (A. fimetarium, A. malicum, A. paludosum, and A. tundrae) and conducted a comparative genome analysis (pan-genome) of 11 different Acetobacterium genomes. A unifying feature of the Acetobacterium genus is the carbon-fixing WLP. The methyl (cluster II) and carbonyl (cluster III) branches of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway are highly conserved across all sequenced Acetobacterium genomes, but cluster I encoding the formate dehydrogenase is not. In contrast to A. woodii, all but four strains encode two distinct Rnf clusters, Rnf being the primary respiratory enzyme complex. Metabolism of fructose, lactate, and H₂:CO₂ was conserved across the genus, but metabolism of ethanol, methanol, caffeate, and 2,3-butanediol varied. Additionally, clade-specific metabolic potential was observed, such as amino acid transport and metabolism in the psychrophilic species, and biofilm formation in the A. wieringae clade, which may afford these groups an advantage in low-temperature growth or attachment to solid surfaces, respectively.

中文翻译：

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定义醋杆菌属的基因组和预测的代谢特征。

产乙酸菌是能够固定 CO ₂或 CO 以产生乙酰辅酶 A（乙酰辅酶 A）并最终使用 Wood-Ljungdahl 途径 (WLP) 产生乙酸的厌氧细菌。Acetobacterium woodii是Acetobacterium 属的典型菌株，对于理解产乙酸菌的生物化学和能量守恒至关重要。该成员醋酸杆菌属已经从各种环境中分离出来或者有过基因组来自宏基因组数据恢复，但没有系统的调查已经在属的独特和各种代谢已经完成。为了更好地了解该属的代谢广度，我们对 4 个分离株（A. fimetarium、A. malicum ）的基因组进行了测序、A. paludosum和A. tundrae），并对 11 个不同的醋杆菌基因组进行了比较基因组分析（泛基因组）。醋杆菌属的一个统一特征是固碳 WLP。Wood-Ljungdahl 通路的甲基（簇 II）和羰基（簇 III）分支在所有已测序的醋杆菌基因组中都高度保守，但编码甲酸脱氢酶的簇 I 则不然。与A. woodii 相比，除了四个菌株之外的所有菌株都编码两个不同的 Rnf 簇，Rnf 是主要的呼吸酶复合物。果糖、乳酸和 H ₂ :CO _{2 的}代谢在整个属中都是保守的，但乙醇、甲醇、咖啡酸和 2,3-丁二醇的代谢各不相同。此外，还观察到了进化枝特异性代谢潜力，例如嗜冷物种中的氨基酸转运和代谢，以及A. wieringae进化枝中的生物膜形成，这可能使这些群体在低温生长或附着于固体表面方面具有优势，分别。