Background Executive function (EF) plays an important role in controlling human actions. Shooting is a closed motor skill, characterized by high anti-interference ability and high mental intensity. However, the beneficial effects of closed exercises such as shooting on EF remain unclear. Methods We utilized an expert-novice paradigm and the Flanker task to examine the EF of shooting athletes. Participants were assigned into the novice group, expert group, or control group, based on the level of training and competition experience. Reaction time (RT) and accuracy of performance across the three groups were compared. Results For the simple task, the control group showed a longer RT than the novice group, for all three inter-stimulus interval (ISI) conditions. Significant differences between the control and the expert groups were observed only at 300-ms and 400-ms ISIs. For the complex task, the control group exhibited a higher RT than the novice and expert groups at the 300- and 400-ms ISIs. Conclusions The self-control during performing closed motor skills in the environment determines that shooters have proficient anti-interference ability. This ability is uncorrelated with task type, but most likely is affected by reserved task response time.

中文翻译：

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拍摄经验对执行功能的影响：专家与新手的差异

背景执行功能（EF）在控制人类行为方面发挥着重要作用。射击是一种封闭的运动技能，具有抗干扰能力强、精神强度高的特点。然而，封闭式练习（如射击）对 EF 的有益影响仍不清楚。方法 我们利用专家-新手范式和 Flanker 任务来检查射击运动员的 EF。根据训练水平和比赛经验，将参与者分为新手组、专家组或对照组。比较了三组的反应时间（RT）和表现的准确性。结果 对于简单任务，对于所有三种刺激间间隔 (ISI) 条件，对照组显示出比新手组更长的 RT。仅在 300 毫秒和 400 毫秒 ISI 观察到对照组和专家组之间的显着差异。对于复杂的任务，对照组在 300 和 400 毫秒 ISI 中表现出比新手组和专家组更高的 RT。结论 射手在环境中进行封闭运动技能时的自控能力决定了射手具有熟练的抗干扰能力。此能力与任务类型无关，但很可能受保留的任务响应时间的影响。