Escape of tumor cells from the NK cell cytotoxic activity.,Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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Escape of tumor cells from the NK cell cytotoxic activity.
Journal of Leukocyte Biology ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-15 , DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2mr0820-652r
Claudia Cantoni _{1,

2} , Hannah Wurzer _{3,

4} , Clément Thomas ₃ , Massimo Vitale ₅

Affiliation

In recent years, NK cells, initially identified as potent cytotoxic effector cells, have revealed an unexpected complexity, both at phenotypic and functional levels. The discovery of different NK cell subsets, characterized by distinct gene expression and phenotypes, was combined with the characterization of the diverse functions NK cells can exert, not only as circulating cells, but also as cells localized or recruited in lymphoid organs and in multiple tissues. Besides the elimination of tumor and virus‐infected cells, these functions include the production of cytokines and chemokines, the regulation of innate and adaptive immune cells, the influence on tissue homeostasis. In addition, NK cells display a remarkable functional plasticity, being able to adapt to the environment and to develop a kind of memory. Nevertheless, the powerful cytotoxic activity of NK cells remains one of their most relevant properties, particularly in the antitumor response. In this review, the process of tumor cell recognition and killing mediated by NK cells, starting from the generation of cytolytic granules and recognition of target cell, to the establishment of the NK cell immunological synapse, the release of cytotoxic molecules, and consequent tumor cell death is described. Next, the review focuses on the heterogeneous mechanisms, either intrinsic to tumors or induced by the tumor microenvironment, by which cancer cells can escape the NK cell‐mediated attack.

中文翻译：

从NK细胞的细胞毒性活性中逃逸出肿瘤细胞。

近年来，最初被鉴定为有效的细胞毒性效应细胞的NK细胞在表型和功能水平上都显示出意想不到的复杂性。发现了具有不同基因表达和表型特征的不同NK细胞亚群，并结合了NK细胞不仅可以作为循环细胞，而且还可以作为淋巴器官和多种组织中定位或募集的细胞发挥多种功能。。除了消除肿瘤和病毒感染的细胞外，这些功能还包括细胞因子和趋化因子的产生，先天性和适应性免疫细胞的调节，对组织稳态的影响。此外，NK细胞显示出显着的功能可塑性，能够适应环境并发展一种记忆。不过，NK细胞强大的细胞毒活性仍然是它们最相关的特性之一，尤其是在抗肿瘤反应方面。在本综述中，NK细胞介导的肿瘤细胞识别和杀伤过程从溶细胞颗粒的产生和靶细胞的识别开始，到NK细胞免疫突触的建立，细胞毒性分子的释放以及随后的肿瘤细胞的建立描述了死亡。接下来，本综述着眼于肿瘤固有的或由肿瘤微环境诱导的异质机制，癌细胞可以通过异质机制逃避NK细胞介导的攻击。从溶细胞颗粒的产生和靶细胞的识别开始，到NK细胞免疫突触的建立，细胞毒性分子的释放以及随之而来的肿瘤细胞死亡进行了描述。接下来，本综述着眼于肿瘤固有的或由肿瘤微环境诱导的异质机制，癌细胞可以通过异质机制逃避NK细胞介导的攻击。从溶细胞颗粒的产生和靶细胞的识别开始，到NK细胞免疫突触的建立，细胞毒性分子的释放以及随之而来的肿瘤细胞死亡进行了描述。接下来，本综述着眼于肿瘤固有的或由肿瘤微环境诱导的异质机制，癌细胞可以通过异质机制逃避NK细胞介导的攻击。

更新日期：2020-09-30

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