Active Cholesterol 20 Years On.,Traffic

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Active Cholesterol 20 Years On.
Traffic ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-15 , DOI: 10.1111/tra.12762
Yvonne Lange ₁ , Theodore L Steck ₂

Affiliation

This review considers the following hypotheses, some well‐supported and some speculative. Almost all of the sterol molecules in plasma membranes are associated with bilayer phospholipids in complexes of varied strength and stoichiometry. These complexes underlie many of the material properties of the bilayer. The small fraction of cholesterol molecules exceeding the binding capacity of the phospholipids is thermodynamically active and serves diverse functions. It circulates briskly among the cell membranes, particularly through contact sites linking the organelles. Active cholesterol provides the upstream feedback signal to multiple mechanisms governing plasma membrane homeostasis, pegging the sterol level to a threshold set by its phospholipids. Active cholesterol could also be the cargo for various inter‐organelle transporters and the form excreted from cells by reverse transport. Furthermore, it is integral to the function of caveolae; a mediator of Hedgehog regulation; and a ligand for the binding of cytolytic toxins to membranes. Active cholesterol modulates a variety of plasma membrane proteins—receptors, channels and transporters—at least in vitro.

中文翻译：

活跃胆固醇20年。

这篇评论考虑了以下假设，一些假设得到了很好的支持，有些则是推测性的。质膜中几乎所有的固醇分子都与强度和化学计量变化的复合物中的双层磷脂相关。这些复合物是双层的许多材料特性的基础。超过磷脂结合能力的一小部分胆固醇分子具有热力学活性并具有多种功能。它在细胞膜之间迅速流通，特别是通过连接细胞器的接触部位。活性胆固醇为控制质膜稳态的多种机制提供上游反馈信号，使固醇水平达到其磷脂设定的阈值。活性胆固醇也可能是各种细胞间转运蛋白的货物，并且是通过反向转运从细胞中排出的形式。此外，它是小窝功能的组成部分。刺猬法规的调解员；以及将细胞毒素与膜结合的配体。活性胆固醇至少在体外可调节多种质膜蛋白（受体，通道和转运蛋白）。

更新日期：2020-11-09

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