The current biodiversity crisis involves major shifts in biological communities at local and regional scales. The consequences for Earth's life‐support systems are increasingly well‐studied, but knowledge of how community shifts affect cultural services associated with wildlife lags behind. We integrated bird census data (3 years across 150 point‐count locations) with questionnaire surveys (>400 people) to evaluate changes in culturally important species across climate and land‐use gradients in Costa Rica. For farmers, urbanites, and birdwatchers alike, species valued for identity, bequest, birdwatching, acoustic aesthetics, and education were more likely to occupy wetter regions and forested sites, whereas disliked species tended to occupy drier and deforested sites. These results suggest that regional climate drying and habitat conversion in the Neotropics are likely to threaten the most culturally important bird species. This study provides a novel and generalizable pathway for assessing the effects of environmental changes on cultural services and integrating the sociocultural and ecological dimensions of biodiversity.

中文翻译：

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鸟类文化服务在热带湿林中达到顶峰

当前的生物多样性危机涉及地方和区域范围内生物群落的重大转变。对地球生命支持系统的后果的研究越来越多，但是关于社区转移如何影响与野生动植物相关的文化服务的知识却滞后了。我们将鸟类普查数据（在150个点计数位置上为期3年）与问卷调查（> 400人）进行了整合，以评估哥斯达黎加不同气候和土地利用梯度下具有重要文化意义的物种的变化。对于农民，城市居民和观鸟者而言，因身份，遗赠，观鸟，声学美学和教育而受到重视的物种更可能占据较湿的地区和森林地带，而不喜欢的物种则倾向于占据较干燥和森林砍伐的地带。这些结果表明，新热带地区的区域气候干燥和栖息地转换很可能威胁到最具文化意义的鸟类。这项研究为评估环境变化对文化服务的影响以及整合生物多样性的社会文化和生态层面提供了一种新颖且可推广的途径。