The nonsolvent‐induced phase separation (NIPS) method was employed to fabricate the porous films based on polyvinyl chloride loaded with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The combinational addition of CNTs and a proper nonsolvent (ethanol) resulted in a porous surface layer with the nano‐size nodular structure possessing an exact superhydrophobic behavior (water contact angle [WCA] = 157° and sliding angle [SA] <5°). The size of PVC nodules at the surface layer varies in the range of 200 to 800 nm depending on the nonsolvent concentrations, and polymer molecular weight. The effects of various nonsolvent concentrations as well as PVC molecular weight on the surface properties of the films were also investigated. Morphological and roughness analyses revealed the pronounced role of PVC molecular weight on the size of nodules, and the structural uniformity of the surface morphology based on the thermodynamic parameters such as relaxation time and dynamic of polymer chains. The concurrent use of CNTs and nonsolvent led to promote the NIPS process due to the nucleating role of CNTs, which were localized within the polymer‐rich phase leading to an ultra‐fine and packed nodular surface structure. Transmission electron microscopy results also proved the very well dispersion quality of CNTs. Glass transition temperature of PVC was also assessed, and the results were correlated to the associating ability of CNTs with polymer chains during the phase separation process. Overall, the promising potential of CNT/ethanol combination on the surface porosity and hydrophobicity of PVC nanocomposite films was revealed in this study, which could further extend its application window.

中文翻译：

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碳纳米管促进相分离诱导的纳米节状结构对超疏水聚氯乙烯薄膜制备的影响

采用非溶剂诱导相分离（NIPS）方法来制造基于负载有碳纳米管（CNT）的聚氯乙烯的多孔膜。碳纳米管和适当的非溶剂（乙醇）的组合添加导致具有纳米级结节结构的多孔表面层具有精确的超疏水性能（水接触角[WCA] = 157°和滑动角[SA] <5°） 。根据非溶剂浓度和聚合物分子量，在表面层的PVC结节的大小在200至800 nm的范围内变化。还研究了各种非溶剂浓度以及PVC分子量对薄膜表面性能的影响。形态和粗糙度分析表明，PVC分子量对结核的大小具有明显的作用，以及基于热力学参数（如弛豫时间和聚合物链动力学）的表面形态结构均匀性。由于碳纳米管的成核作用，碳纳米管与非溶剂的同时使用促进了NIPS工艺的发展，碳纳米管局限在富含聚合物的相中，从而形成了超细且堆积的球状表面结构。透射电子显微镜结果也证明了CNT的非常好的分散质量。还评估了PVC的玻璃化转变温度，并将结果与​​相分离过程中CNT与聚合物链的缔合能力相关。总体而言，这项研究揭示了CNT /乙醇组合对PVC纳米复合膜表面孔隙率和疏水性的潜在潜力，这可以进一步扩大其应用范围。