Novel step selection analyses on energy landscapes reveal how linear features alter migrations of soaring birds,Journal of Animal Ecology

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Novel step selection analyses on energy landscapes reveal how linear features alter migrations of soaring birds
Journal of Animal Ecology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-09 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13335
Joseph M Eisaguirre _{1,

2} , Travis L Booms ₃ , Christopher P Barger ₃ , Stephen B Lewis ₄ , Greg A Breed _{1,

5}

Affiliation

1. Human modification of landscapes includes extensive addition of linear features, such as roads and transmission lines. These can alter animal movement and space use and affect the intensity of interactions among species, including predation and competition. Effects of linear features on animal movement have seen relatively little research in avian systems, despite ample evidence of their effects in mammalian systems and that some types of linear features, including both roads and transmission lines, are substantial sources of mortality. 2. Here, we used satellite telemetry combined with step-selection functions designed to explicitly incorporate the energy landscape (el-SSFs) to investigate the effects of linear features and habitat on movements and space use of a large soaring bird, the golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos, during migration. Our sample consisted of 32 adult eagles tracked for 45 spring and 39 fall migrations from 2014-2017. 3. Fitted el-SSFs indicated eagles had a strong general preference for south-facing slopes, where thermal uplift develops predictably, and that these areas are likely important aspects of migratory pathways. el-SSFs also provided evidence that roads and railroads affected movement during both spring and fall migrations, but eagles selected areas near roads to a greater degree in spring compared to fall and at higher latitudes compared to lower latitudes. During spring, time spent near linear features often occurred during slower-paced or stopover movements, perhaps in part to access carrion produced by vehicle collisions. 4. Regardless of the behavioral mechanism of selection, use of these features could expose eagles and other soaring species to elevated risk via collision with vehicles and/or transmission lines. Linear features have previously been documented to affect the ecology of terrestrial species (e.g., large mammals) by modifying individuals' movement patterns; our work shows these effects on movement extend to avian taxa.

中文翻译：

能源景观的新步骤选择分析揭示了线性特征如何改变翱翔的鸟类的迁徙

1. 人类对景观的修改包括大量添加线性特征，例如道路和传输线。这些可以改变动物的运动和空间使用，并影响物种之间相互作用的强度，包括捕食和竞争。线性特征对动物运动的影响在鸟类系统中的研究相对较少，尽管有足够的证据表明它们对哺乳动物系统的影响，并且某些类型的线性特征，包括道路和传输线，是死亡的重要来源。2. 在这里，我们使用卫星遥测结合步进选择功能，旨在明确纳入能量景观 (el-SSFs) 来研究线性特征和栖息地对大型翱翔的鸟类金雕天鹰座的运动和空间利用的影响chrysaetos，在迁移过程中。我们的样本包括 32 只成年鹰，它们在 2014 年至 2017 年间追踪了 45 次春季和 39 次秋季迁徙。3. 安装的 el-SSF 表明鹰对朝南的斜坡有强烈的普遍偏好，那里的热抬升可预测地发展，并且这些区域可能是迁徙路径的重要方面。el-SSF 还提供证据表明，公路和铁路在春季和秋季迁徙期间影响了运动，但与秋季相比，鹰在春季选择靠近公路的区域更大，与低纬度相比，在高纬度地区。在春季，接近线性特征的时间通常发生在慢节奏或中途停留的运动中，部分原因可能是为了接触车辆碰撞产生的腐肉。4.无论选择的行为机制如何，使用这些功能可能会使鹰和其他翱翔的物种因与车辆和/或传输线的碰撞而面临更高的风险。先前已记录线性特征通过改变个体的运动模式来影响陆生物种（例如大型哺乳动物）的生态；我们的工作表明这些对运动的影响延伸到鸟类分类群。

更新日期：2020-10-09

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