Spatially distributed populations often rely on large‐scale processes for long‐term population stability. These processes are driven by individuals moving across the landscape through long‐distance dispersal movements. However, as landscapes are continually altered by anthropogenic development, increased fragmentation and avoidance behavior can affect landscape permeability and limit dispersal. Lesser prairie‐chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) are a species of concern that have lost significant portions (>90%) of their historic distribution in the Southern Great Plains of the United States and are currently being impacted by continued anthropogenic development. Using GPS telemetry locations of 346 lesser prairie‐chickens across their entire geographic distribution, we identified 184 different long‐distance movements that drive population connectivity. We used empirical cumulative distribution functions to create a selection–avoidance–neutral curve and estimated the spatial scale of response to anthropogenic features (i.e., towers and windmills, large transmission and smaller distribution powerlines, oil wells, roads, and fences) during these movements. In addition, we tested for behavioral differences between movement types (e.g., exploratory loops vs. long‐distance movements between home ranges) and for regional differences in response among study areas. We found that during long‐distance movements, lesser prairie‐chickens generally avoided all anthropogenic feature types we tested despite some variation in the reported response distance among study areas. However, they avoided the tallest features (i.e., towers and windmills and transmission powerlines) at much greater distances in comparison with the shorter features in our analysis. Our results show that long‐distance movements are likely affected by responses to functional landscape fragmentation through increased development of anthropogenic features in important connectivity zones. As our estimated response distances during long‐distance movements varied in comparison with previously reported response distances during other behavioral states (e.g., breeding or nesting), using long‐distance or dispersal specific movement data may be more appropriate when asking questions related to connectivity across the landscape.

中文翻译：

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估计长距离运动中小草原鸡对人为特征的反应距离

空间分布的人口通常依靠大规模的过程来实现长期的人口稳定。这些过程是由个人通过长距离分散运动在整个景观中移动所驱动的。然而，由于人为发展不断改变景观，增加的破碎度和回避行为会影响景观的通透性并限制散布。小草原鸡（Tympanuchus pallidicinctus）是一种令人关注的物种，在美国南部大平原的历史分布中已经损失了很大一部分（> 90％），目前正受到持续的人为发展的影响。使用GPS遥测在整个地理分布中的346个小草原鸡的位置，我们确定了184种不同的长距离运动来推动人口的连通性。我们使用经验累积分布函数来创建选择-回避-中性曲线，并估计在这些运动过程中对人为特征（例如，塔和风车，大型输电和较小分布的电力线，油井，道路和围墙）的响应的空间尺度。此外，我们测试了运动类型之间的行为差​​异（例如探索性循环与 研究范围之间的区域差异）。我们发现，在长距离运动中，尽管研究区域之间报告的响应距离有所不同，但较小的草原鸡通常避免使用我们测试的所有人为特征类型。但是，与我们分析中的较短特征相比，它们在更大的距离处避免了最高的特征（例如，塔架，风车和输电线路）。我们的结果表明，通过在重要连通区增加人为特征的发展，对功能性景观破碎化的响应可能会影响长距离运动。