Abstract Reduction of carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) emissions will have a positive impact on the environment by preventing adverse effects of global warming. To achieve an eco-environment, the primary source of energy needs to shift from fossil fuels to clean renewable energy. Thus, increased utilization of renewable energy overtime reduces air pollution and contributes to securing sustainable energy supply to satisfy future energy needs. The main purpose of this study is to investigate several sustainable hybrid renewable systems for electricity production in Iran. In this regard, critical indicators that have the strongest impact on the environment and energy sustainability are presented in this study. After a comprehensive review of environmental issues, data was collected from the meteorological organization and a techno-economic assessment was performed using HOMER software. It was concluded that the hybrid configuration composed of photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine, diesel generator and battery produced the best outcome with an energy cost of 0.151$/kWh and 15.6% return on investment. In addition, the results showed that with a higher renewable fraction exceeding 72%, this hybrid system can reduce more than 2000 Kg of CO 2 emission per household annually. Although excess electricity generation is a challenge in stand-alone systems, by using the fuel cell, an electrolyzer, and a hydrogen tank unit, the amount of energy loss was reduced to less than one-sixth. These results show that selecting useful indicators such as appropriate implementation of policies of new enabling technologies and investments on renewable energy resources, has three potential benefits namely: CO 2 reduction, greater sustainable electricity generation and provides an economic justication for stakeholders to invest in the renewable energy sector.

中文翻译：

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一项调查能源可持续性的技术分析，利用可靠的可再生能源减少高潜力地区的二氧化碳排放

摘要 减少二氧化碳 (CO 2 ) 排放量将通过防止全球变暖的不利影响对环境产生积极影响。为了实现生态环境，能源的主要来源需要从化石燃料转向清洁的可再生能源。因此，加班增加可再生能源的利用可减少空气污染，并有助于确保可持续能源供应以满足未来的能源需求。本研究的主要目的是调查伊朗几种用于电力生产的可持续混合可再生能源系统。在这方面，本研究介绍了对环境和能源可持续性影响最大的关键指标。在对环境问题进行全面审查后，从气象组织收集数据，并使用 HOMER 软件进行技术经济评估。得出的结论是，由光伏 (PV)、风力涡轮机、柴油发电机和电池组成的混合配置产生了最好的结果，能源成本为 0.151 美元/千瓦时，投资回报率为 15.6%。此外，结果表明，该混合系统的可再生比例较高，超过 72%，每户每年可减少超过 2000 公斤的 CO 2 排放。尽管在独立系统中发电过剩是一个挑战，但通过使用燃料电池、电解槽和氢气罐单元，能量损失量减少到不到六分之一。