Abstract This study analyzed the impacts from multi-crystalline silicon (m-Si), organic thin-film (OPV), and perovskite thin-film (PSC) panels over each products’ lifetime using a cradle-to-grave system model. The rate of panel installation each year was modeled to account for efficiency, functional lifetime, and degradation. Landfill and recycling scenarios were used to compare end-of-life impacts and the overall environmental impacts were determined using life cycle impact assessment at the midpoint and endpoint levels. Impact calculations revealed that the production and use of m-Si panels resulted in the worst impacts for all categories. OPV panels produced drastically lower impacts comparatively, with PSC designs falling at mid-range. Recycling lowered the impacts for all module types and showed the largest decrease in the impacts of m-Si panels. Although moderately sensitive to the energy production mix, the results can be applied to other regions for the comparison between panel types.

中文翻译：

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第三代光伏板：生命周期评估

摘要 本研究使用从摇篮到坟墓的系统模型分析了多晶硅 (m-Si)、有机薄膜 (OPV) 和钙钛矿薄膜 (PSC) 面板对每种产品生命周期的影响。每年的面板安装率被建模以考虑效率、功能寿命和退化。垃圾填埋场和回收场景用于比较生命周期结束的影响，并使用生命周期中点和终点级别的影响评估来确定整体环境影响。影响计算表明，m-Si 面板的生产和使用对所有类别产生了最严重的影响。相对而言，OPV 面板产生的影响大大降低，PSC 设计处于中等水平。回收降低了所有模块类型的影响，并且显示出 m-Si 面板影响的最大降幅。尽管对能源生产组合适度敏感，但结果可以应用于其他地区以比较面板类型。