Abstract Basaltic eruptive fissures of the Great Rift and surroundings on the eastern Snake River Plain of Idaho, USA, and selected volcanic features in Hawai’i, Iceland and northern Africa were surveyed for their relevancy as planetary analogs. Evaluated during field investigations and in satellite imagery for structures, physiography, and geologic setting, fissures were categorized into four broad types: (1) simple, monogenetic fissures with obvious volcanic constructs or deposits, (2) monogenetic fissures now obscured by low shields or relatively large cones, (3) polygenetic volcanic rift zones with multiple vents and deposits, and (4) compound regional fissure systems or dike swarms that comprise major rift zones or large volcanic terrains. Using this classification as an initial base, we surveyed imagery of volcanic features for likely fissure vents in two major geologic settings on the Moon: floor-fractured craters (FFCs) and mare and cryptomare provinces. Two major regions on Mars, the volcanic plains around Alba Mons and the greater Tharsis region, were also surveyed for fissure types and volcanic associations of fissure-like features. The planetary surveys suggest that the proposed classification provides a suitable analog starting point to interpret structures associated with fissure systems on the Moon and Mars. With few exceptions, our survey indicates that each of the studied terrains exhibits a dominant fissure type. Type 1 fissures, most with pyroclastic deposits, prevail in lunar FFCs and mare-like regions; whereas type 2 fissures are ubiquitous in the Tharsis region of Mars and a few exist on the Moon as low shields. Type 3 volcanic rift zones are not common on either the Moon or Mars, although they might become evident in future work on chemically evolved terrains. Type 4 fissures are inferred in mare terrains, often represented as the extensions of major linear rille networks or rimae, with possibly complex dike swarms that were buried beneath voluminous mare basalt lava flows. Likewise, numerous flood lavas on Mars are possibly associated with now-obscured or difficult to define type 4 fissure systems.

中文翻译：

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地球上的玄武岩裂隙类型：评估月球和火星上火山地形起源的合适类比？

摘要 调查了美国爱达荷州东部蛇河平原的大裂谷及其周围的玄武岩喷发裂缝，以及夏威夷、冰岛和北非的选定火山特征，以确定它们与行星类似物的相关性。在实地调查和卫星图像中对结构、地貌和地质环境进行评估后，裂缝被分为四大类：(1) 具有明显火山构造或沉积物的简单的单发生裂缝，(2) 现在被低地盾遮蔽的单发生裂缝或相对较大的锥体，(3) 具有多个喷口和沉积物的多成因火山裂谷带，以及 (4) 由主要裂谷带或大型火山地形组成的复合区域裂隙系统或堤群。使用此分类作为初始基础，我们调查了月球上两个主要地质环境中可能的裂隙喷口的火山特征图像：地板断裂陨石坑 (FFC) 以及马雷和隐马省。火星上的两个主要区域，阿尔巴蒙斯周围的火山平原和大塔尔西斯地区，也被调查了裂缝类型和裂缝状特征的火山组合。行星调查表明，拟议的分类为解释与月球和火星上的裂隙系统相关的结构提供了一个合适的模拟起点。除了少数例外，我们的调查表明，每个研究的地形都表现出主要的裂缝类型。1 型裂隙，大部分带有火山碎屑沉积物，主要存在于月球 FFC 和类似母马的地区；而2型裂缝在火星的塔尔西斯地区无处不在，少数存在于月球上作为低盾。3 型火山裂谷带在月球或火星上都不常见，尽管它们可能会在未来对化学演化地形的研究中变得明显。类型 4 裂缝是在海马地形中推断出来的，通常表现为主要线性细沟网络或 rimae 的延伸，可能有复杂的堤坝群埋在大量的海马玄武岩熔岩流下。同样，火星上的大量洪水熔岩可能与现在模糊不清或难以定义的第 4 类裂隙系统有关。通常表现为主要线性细沟网络或 rimae 的延伸，可能有复杂的堤坝群被埋在大量的玄武岩熔岩流下。同样，火星上的大量洪水熔岩可能与现在模糊不清或难以定义的第 4 类裂隙系统有关。通常表现为主要线性细沟网络或 rimae 的延伸，可能有复杂的堤坝群被埋在大量的玄武岩熔岩流下。同样，火星上的大量洪水熔岩可能与现在模糊不清或难以定义的第 4 类裂隙系统有关。