Agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) is a rare congenital malformation characterized by partial or complete absence of the corpus callosum (CC). The effects of AgCC on cerebral structural and functional networks are not clear. We aimed to utilize AgCC as a model to characterize the relationship between brain structure and function. Diffusion tensor imaging and resting-state fMRI data were collected from nine AgCC and ten healthy subjects. The interhemispheric functional connectivity (FC) was quantified using a voxel-mirrored-homotopic-connectivity (VMHC) method, and its correlation with the number (FN) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the fibers crossing the CC was calculated. Graph-based network analyses of structural and functional topologic properties were performed. AgCC subjects showed markedly reduced VMHC compared to controls. VMHC was significantly correlated with the FN and FA of the fibers crossing the CC. Structural network analyses revealed impaired global properties, but intact local properties in AgCC compared to controls. Functional network analyses showed no significant difference in network properties between the groups. Finally, in both groups, brain areas with more fiber connections were more likely to build a positive FC with each other, while areas with decreased white matter connections were more likely to result in negative FC. Our observations demonstrate that interhemispheric FC is highly dependent on CC structure. Increased alternative intrahemispheric SC might be a compensatory mechanism in AgCC that helps to maintain normal global brain function. Our study provides insights into the underlying neurological pathophysiology of brain malformations, thereby helping to elucidate the structure–function relationship of normal human brain.

call体（AgCC）的发育不全是一种罕见的先天畸形，其特征是（体（CC）的部分或完全缺失。AgCC对大脑结构和功能网络的影响尚不清楚。我们旨在利用AgCC作为模型来表征大脑结构与功能之间的关系。扩散张量成像和静态fMRI数据收集自9位AgCC和10位健康受试者。使用体素-镜像-同位连接性（VMHC）方法对半球之间的功能连接性（FC）进行了定量，并计算了其与穿过CC的纤维的数量（FN）和分数各向异性（FA）的相关性。进行了基于图的网络分析的结构和功能拓扑特性。与对照组相比，AgCC受试者显示出明显降低的VMHC。VMHC与穿过CC的纤维的FN和FA显着相关。结构网络分析显示，与对照相比，AgCC中的整体特性受损，但AgCC中的局部特性完整。功能网络分析显示，各组之间的网络属性没有显着差异。最后，在这两组中，具有更多纤维连接的大脑区域更可能彼此建立正FC，而具有白质连接减少的区域更可能导致负FC。我们的观察表明，半球FC高度依赖于CC结构。替代性半球内SC的增加可能是AgCC中的一种补偿机制，有助于维持正常的整体脑功能。我们的研究提供了有关脑畸形的潜在神经病理生理学的见解，