Batteries with high safety, low cost, and reasonable energy density are essential for grid-scale energy storage and still remain elusive. Here, we report a solid electrolyte-based liquid lithium-brass/zinc chloride (SELL-brass/ZnCl₂) battery using garnet-type lithium-ion solid electrolyte, lithium anode, and brass/ZnCl₂ cathode. The chemistry of the cell reaction and the ability of being assembled in discharged state ensures a high safety. The use of low-cost ZnCl₂ cathode can realize a low cell material cost of $16 kWh⁻¹. The adoption of lithium anode guarantees a high theoretical energy density of 750 Wh kg⁻¹ and 2,250 Wh L⁻¹. Moreover, by using brass powder as a Zn source in the cathode, the Zn particle growth issue is successfully solved, and a good cycling stability of the battery can be obtained. As full cell performance and scalability are also verified, our SELL-brass/ZnCl₂ battery shows a high potential for practical use in grid energy storage.

高安全性，低成本和合理的能量密度的电池对于电网规模的储能至关重要，但仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们报道了一种使用石榴石型锂离子固体电解质，锂阳极和黄铜/ ZnCl ₂阴极的固态电解质基液态锂黄铜/氯化锌（SELL-黄铜/ ZnCl ₂）电池。电池反应的化学性质和在放电状态下组装的能力确保了很高的安全性。使用低成本的ZnCl ₂阴极可以实现$ 16 kWh ^-1的低电池材料成本。锂阳极的采用保证了750 Wh kg ^-1和2,250 Wh L ^-1的高理论能量密度。此外，通过在阴极中使用黄铜粉作为Zn源，成功解决了Zn颗粒的生长问题，并且可以获得良好的电池循环稳定性。由于还验证了全电池性能和可扩展性，我们的SELL-黄铜/ ZnCl ₂电池在电网储能中具有很高的实际应用潜力。