Abstract Frequency regulation has attracted considerable attentions with the integration of large-scale renewable energy into power systems. The de-commitment of conventional units reduces the system inertia, thus causes the poor frequency performance under high wind power penetration. Start-stop of conventional units is always set in power system simulations under high wind power penetration by default. In this work, power systems with deep peak shaving are considered in frequency regulation analysis for supplement. The system parameters of modern power systems in LFC are claimed and some assumptions are made first. The variety of regulating capability of conventional units and models of frequency sensitive wind energy conversion systems (WECS) are considered under different wind power penetrations. The simulation models are then derived according to the physical meaning of these two operation modes under different wind power penetrations. The modeling process is also improved by maintaining controllers optimal in each scenario. Load disturbances and stochastic wind speed are then employed as disturbance sources in the simulation tests. Results show that frequency oscillations of power systems with deep peak shaving would increase along with the wind power penetrations. However, compared with start-stop peak shaving, deep peak shaving can strongly keep systems away from large frequency deviations. Moreover, the regulation effects between the two methods become evident with increasing wind power penetration. The results would help system managers in daily operation.

中文翻译：

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不同风电渗透率下采用启停调峰和深度调峰的现代电力系统调频分析

摘要 随着大规模可再生能源并入电力系统，频率调节引起了广泛关注。传统机组的退役降低了系统惯性，从而导致在高风电渗透率下的频率性能较差。在高风电渗透率下的电力系统模拟中，默认情况下始终设置常规机组的启停。在这项工作中，在频率调节分析中考虑了具有深度调峰的电力系统作为补充。声明了 LFC 中现代电力系统的系统参数，并首先做出了一些假设。在不同的风电渗透率下，考虑了常规机组和频率敏感风能转换系统（WECS）模型的调节能力的多样性。然后根据这两种运行模式在不同风电渗透率下的物理意义推导出仿真模型。通过在每个场景中保持控制器最佳，建模过程也得到了改进。然后在模拟测试中采用负载扰动和随机风速作为扰动源。结果表明，深度调峰电力系统的频率振荡会随着风电渗透率的增加而增加。然而，与起停调峰相比，深度调峰可以有力地使系统远离大频率偏差。此外，随着风电渗透率的增加，两种方法之间的调节效果变得明显。结果将有助于系统管理人员的日常操作。