Lignin serves as the most abundant source of aromatic high-value products, but it has remained underexploited due to its inert and recalcitrant nature. White-rot basidiomycetes degrade lignin by secreting a set of lignin-modifying enzymes, including lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase, versatile peroxidase, laccase and various auxiliary enzymes. Among these, LiP presents significant potential for application in various industrial sectors such as second-generation biofuels, cosmetics, food, bio-pulping and biobleaching. However, the lack of commercial LiP preparations has hindered its industrial application. In addition, they are unstable at high temperatures, deactivated by solvents, susceptible to inactivation by hydrogen peroxide and challenging to produce in ample quantities. Several expression systems have been investigated to produce LiP, with fungal hosts that have shown the most promise to date. We discuss the progress and challenges of producing native and recombinant LiPs, and offer some future prospects on strategies to enhance the recombinant production of LiPs for industrial and biotechnological applications.

中文翻译：

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微生物木质素过氧化物酶：应用、生产挑战和未来前景

木质素是芳香族高价值产品的最丰富的来源，但由于其惰性和顽固的性质，它仍未得到充分利用。白腐担子菌通过分泌一组木质素修饰酶来降解木质素，包括木质素过氧化物酶 (LiP)、锰过氧化物酶、多功能过氧化物酶、漆酶和各种辅助酶。其中，LiP 在第二代生物燃料、化妆品、食品、生物制浆和生物漂白等各种工业领域具有巨大的应用潜力。然而，商业LiP制剂的缺乏阻碍了其工业应用。此外，它们在高温下不稳定，被溶剂失活，容易被过氧化氢灭活，并且难以大量生产。已经研究了几种表达系统来生产 LiP，其中真菌宿主迄今为止表现出最大的希望。我们讨论了生产天然和重组 LiP 的进展和挑战，并提供了一些未来战略，以提高工业和生物技术应用中 LiP 的重组生产。