Gene and protein expression data provide useful resources for understanding brain function, but little is known about the lipid composition of the brain. Here, we perform quantitative shotgun lipidomics, which enables a cell-type-resolved assessment of the mouse brain lipid composition. We quantify around 700 lipid species and evaluate lipid features including fatty acyl chain length, hydroxylation, and number of acyl chain double bonds, thereby identifying cell-type- and brain-region-specific lipid profiles in adult mice, as well as in aged mice, in apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice, in a model of Alzheimer’s disease, and in mice fed different diets. We also integrate lipid with protein expression profiles to predict lipid pathways enriched in specific cell types, such as fatty acid β-oxidation in astrocytes and sphingolipid metabolism in microglia. This resource complements existing brain atlases of gene and protein expression and may be useful for understanding the role of lipids in brain function.

基因和蛋白质表达数据为理解大脑功能提供了有用的资源，但对大脑脂质成分的了解却很少。在这里，我们执行定量的shot弹枪脂质组学，它可以对小鼠脑脂质成分进行细胞类型解析评估。我们量化了大约700种脂质种类，并评估了脂质特征，包括脂肪酰基链长度，羟基化和酰基链双键的数目，从而鉴定了成年小鼠以及老年小鼠中的细胞类型和脑区域特异性脂质谱，载脂蛋白E缺陷型小鼠，阿尔茨海默氏病模型以及饲喂不同饮食的小鼠。我们还将脂质与蛋白质表达谱相结合，以预测富含特定细胞类型的脂质途径，例如星形胶质细胞中的脂肪酸β-氧化和小胶质细胞中的鞘脂代谢。