Abstract

Estimate is made for the possible reduction of nutrient export from the drainage basins of tributaries of the Kuibyshev Reservoir through the introduction of the best available technologies of agricultural production. The activity of more than eight hundreds of agricultural enterprises in the reservoir drainage basin was analyzed. Different types of underlying surface were classified with the use of space photographs. Mathematical simulation was used to calculate first the distributed agricultural nitrogen and phosphorus load onto the drainage basin and next the export of nutrients with river runoff into the reservoir either under current conditions or after the introduction of the best available technologies (BAT) to agricultural production. The simulations show that, under the conditions of medium water abundance, the total export from the drainage basins of the Sviyaga, Kazanka, Mesha, and Bol’shoi Cheremshan will decrease by about 367 t N/year and 12 t P/year after the introduction of BAT into the agricultural practice. The application of nitrogen and phosphorus into the soil as components of mineral and organic fertilizers in most administrative territories of the region under consideration was found to be less than the nutrient demand of agricultural crops, resulting in the gradual depletion of such elements in soils and a decrease in the risk of their migration into water bodies.

中文翻译：

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通过引入最佳农业生产技术减少河流流域营养出口的前景：基于模型结果

摘要

通过采用最佳的农业生产技术，估算了可能会减少居比雪夫水库支流流域的养分出口的情况。分析了水库流域内八百多家农业企业的活动。利用太空照片对不同类型的底层表面进行了分类。数学模拟被用来首先计算在当前条件下或在将最佳可行技术（BAT）引入农业生产之后，将农业氮和磷分配到流域的分布负荷，然后计算营养成分与河流径流向水库的出口。模拟表明，在中等水含量的条件下，在将最佳可行技术引入农业实践之后，Sviyaga，Kazanka，Mesha和Bol'shoi Cheremshan流域的总出口量将减少约367 t N /年和12 t P /年。在所考虑区域的大多数行政区域，氮和磷作为矿物和有机肥料的成分在土壤中的施用量少于农作物的养分需求，导致土壤中此类元素的逐渐消耗，土壤中降低它们迁移到水体中的风险。