Abstract

The issues of formation and assessment of diffuse pollution of water objects in the zones near large mining and chemical industrial complexes are discussed. The study object is the Kama River (Kama Reservoir) in the zone of influence of the Solikamsk–Berezniki Industrial Hub. The major flows of pollution are due to seepage recharges from the operating and removed from service sludge storage sites and storages of liquid and solid wastes. The anthropogenic impact was identified, and its qualitative and quantitative characteristics were evaluated based on expedition data, state monitoring data, and mathematical simulation. The formation mechanisms are considered for the local pollution zones in the Kama River segment (the Kama Reservoir), in the context of considerable vertical heterogeneity―the concentrations of pollutants in bottom zones can be an order of magnitude higher than their concentration in the surface layer. More than 90% of pollution in this part of the Kama Reservoir were found to arrive in diffuse manner. Six types of measures were proposed for reducing the diffuse runoff in the zone of influence of the Solikamsk–Berezniki Industrial Hub.

中文翻译：

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研究大型工业园区形成的扩散污染的形成特征和程度：以索利卡姆斯克-贝列尼克工业中心为例

摘要

讨论了大型采矿和化学工业园区附近地区水体扩散污染的形成和评估问题。研究对象是Solikamsk–Berezniki工业中心的影响区中的Kama河（Kama水库）。污染的主要来源是由于运营中的补给和从服务污泥存储地点以及液体和固体废物的存储中清除的渗漏。确定了人为影响，并根据远征数据，状态监测数据和数学模拟评估了其定性和定量特征。考虑了卡马河段（卡马水库）局部污染区的形成机制，在相当大的垂直异质性的背景下，底部区域的污染物浓度可能比其表层的浓度高一个数量级。在卡马水库的这一部分，发现超过90％的污染以分散的方式到达。提出了六种措施来减少Solikamsk–Berezniki工业中心影响区域的扩散径流。