The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by soil microbes modulated plant growth and development. Floccularia luteovirens, an edible mushroom, is beneficial to the growth of alpine meadow plants on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We aimed to elucidate the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the mushroom fungal VOC-mediated plant growth and development. Here, we investigated the effects of VOCs produced by F. luteovirens on the root system development and seedling growth by integrating physiology, genetics, transcriptome and metabolome analysis using 1/2 MS medium-grown Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Treatment with F. luteovirens VOCs reduce primary root growth by aggravating auxin accumulation through the repression of the abundance of auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED 2 (PIN2) protein, whereas it increases the lateral root number of A. thaliana seedlings. In addition to modulating root system architecture, treatment with F. luteovirens VOCs markedly increased aboveground growth. The transcriptome and metabolome analyses further supported the notion that F. luteovirens VOCs modulate plant growth and development through the induction of carbon/nitrogen metabolism and antioxidant defense while repressing several secondary metabolism and amino acid catabolism pathways. These results suggested that application of F. luteovirens VOCs promote growth by inducing changes in root system architecture through auxin pathway and regulating metabolism in plants.

中文翻译：

---

Floccularia luteovirens 的挥发性有机化合物调节拟南芥植物的生长和代谢

土壤微生物产生的挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 调节植物的生长和发育。Floccularia luteovirens 是一种食用菌，有利于青藏高原高寒草甸植物的生长。我们旨在阐明蘑菇真菌 VOC 介导的植物生长和发育的生理和分子机制。在这里，我们通过使用 1/2 MS 中等生长的拟南芥幼苗整合生理学、遗传学、转录组和代谢组分析，研究了黄曲霉产生的 VOC 对根系发育和幼苗生长的影响。用 F. luteovirens VOCs 处理通过抑制生长素外排载体 PIN-FORMED 2 (PIN2) 蛋白的丰度来加剧生长素积累，从而减少初生根的生长，而它增加了拟南芥幼苗的侧根数。除了调节根系结构外，用 F. luteovirens VOCs 处理显着增加了地上生长。转录组和代谢组分析进一步支持了 F. luteovirens VOCs 通过诱导碳/氮代谢和抗氧化防御同时抑制几种次生代谢和氨基酸分解代谢途径来调节植物生长和发育的观点。这些结果表明，F. luteovirens VOCs 的应用通过植物生长素途径诱导根系结构变化和调节植物代谢来促进生长。转录组和代谢组分析进一步支持了 F. luteovirens VOCs 通过诱导碳/氮代谢和抗氧化防御同时抑制几种次生代谢和氨基酸分解代谢途径来调节植物生长和发育的观点。这些结果表明，F. luteovirens VOCs 的应用通过植物生长素途径诱导根系结构变化和调节植物代谢来促进生长。转录组和代谢组分析进一步支持了 F. luteovirens VOCs 通过诱导碳/氮代谢和抗氧化防御同时抑制几种次生代谢和氨基酸分解代谢途径来调节植物生长和发育的观点。这些结果表明，F. luteovirens VOCs 的应用通过植物生长素途径诱导根系结构变化和调节植物代谢来促进生长。