Abstract

A metallurgical and technological characterization of a seventh century bronze buckle coming from the Lombard necropolis of Monte San Zeno in Montichiari (Brescia, northern Italy) was performed to understand the manufacturing techniques. At first, a careful inspection was carried out to highlight the existence of any type of details, which would indicate an intentional design activity or typical casting defects. To avoid destructive measures on the ancient artifact, the buckle was successively characterized only via scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. This investigation was supported by an accurate study on the chemical composition of the matrix. The results suggest that the buckle was produced by sand casting, although the use of this technique in Europe dates back to the fifteenth century. Finally, based on the results obtained, a faithful archaeometallurgical reproduction of the buckle is proposed.

Graphic Abstract

中文翻译：

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冶金和技术研究，来自意大利北部的伦巴德青铜带的实验性考古冶金复制

摘要

为了了解制造技术，对第七世纪青铜带扣的冶金和技术特性进行了分析，该带扣来自蒙蒂基亚里（意大利北部布雷西亚）的蒙特圣芝诺的伦巴第墓地。首先，进行了仔细的检查以突出显示任何类型的细节，这表明有意进行的设计活动或典型的铸造缺陷。为避免对古代文物造成破坏，仅通过扫描电子显微镜和能量色散X射线光谱法相继表征了带扣。这项研究得到了对基质化学成分的精确研究的支持。结果表明，扣环是通过砂型铸造生产的，尽管这种技术在欧洲的使用可以追溯到15世纪。最后，

图形摘要