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The diversity of neuronal phenotypes in rodent and human autonomic ganglia
Cell and Tissue Research ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-15 , DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03279-6
Uwe Ernsberger 1 , Thomas Deller 1 , Hermann Rohrer 1
Affiliation  

Selective sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways that act on target organs represent the terminal actors in the neurobiology of homeostasis and often become compromised during a range of neurodegenerative and traumatic disorders. Here, we delineate several neurotransmitter and neuromodulator phenotypes found in diverse parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia in humans and rodent species. The comparative approach reveals evolutionarily conserved and non-conserved phenotypic marker constellations. A developmental analysis examining the acquisition of selected neurotransmitter properties has provided a detailed, but still incomplete, understanding of the origins of a set of noradrenergic and cholinergic sympathetic neuron populations, found in the cervical and trunk region. A corresponding analysis examining cholinergic and nitrergic parasympathetic neurons in the head, and a range of pelvic neuron populations, with noradrenergic, cholinergic, nitrergic, and mixed transmitter phenotypes, remains open. Of particular interest are the molecular mechanisms and nuclear processes that are responsible for the correlated expression of the various genes required to achieve the noradrenergic phenotype, the segregation of cholinergic locus gene expression, and the regulation of genes that are necessary to generate a nitrergic phenotype. Unraveling the neuron population-specific expression of adhesion molecules, which are involved in axonal outgrowth, pathway selection, and synaptic organization, will advance the study of target-selective autonomic pathway generation.

中文翻译:

啮齿动物和人类自主神经节神经元表型的多样性

作用于靶器官的选择性交感神经和副交感神经通路代表体内平衡神经生物学中的终端参与者,并且经常在一系列神经退行性和创伤性疾病期间受到损害。在这里,我们描绘了在人类和啮齿动物物种的不同副交感神经和交感神经节中发现的几种神经递质和神经调节剂表型。比较方法揭示了进化上保守和非保守的表型标记星座。检查选定神经递质特性的获取的发育分析提供了对一组在颈部和躯干区域发现的去甲肾上腺素能和胆碱能交感神经元群的起源的详细但仍然不完整的理解。检查头部胆碱能和氮能副交感神经元以及一系列具有去甲肾上腺素能、胆碱能、氮能和混合递质表型的盆腔神经元群的相应分析仍然开放。特别令人感兴趣的是分子机制和核过程,它们负责实现去甲肾上腺素能表型所需的各种基因的相关表达、胆碱能基因座基因表达的分离以及产生氮能表型所需的基因调控。阐明参与轴突生长、通路选择和突触组织的粘附分子的神经元群体特异性表达,将推进目标选择性自主神经通路生成的研究。一系列具有去甲肾上腺素能、胆碱能、硝能和混合递质表型的盆腔神经元群仍然开放。特别令人感兴趣的是分子机制和核过程,它们负责实现去甲肾上腺素能表型所需的各种基因的相关表达、胆碱能基因座基因表达的分离以及产生氮能表型所需的基因调控。阐明参与轴突生长、通路选择和突触组织的粘附分子的神经元群体特异性表达,将推进目标选择性自主神经通路生成的研究。一系列具有去甲肾上腺素能、胆碱能、硝能和混合递质表型的盆腔神经元群仍然开放。特别令人感兴趣的是分子机制和核过程,它们负责实现去甲肾上腺素能表型所需的各种基因的相关表达、胆碱能基因座基因表达的分离以及产生氮能表型所需的基因调控。阐明参与轴突生长、通路选择和突触组织的粘附分子的神经元群体特异性表达,将推进目标选择性自主神经通路生成的研究。特别令人感兴趣的是分子机制和核过程,它们负责实现去甲肾上腺素能表型所需的各种基因的相关表达、胆碱能基因座基因表达的分离以及产生氮能表型所需的基因调控。阐明参与轴突生长、通路选择和突触组织的粘附分子的神经元群体特异性表达,将推进目标选择性自主神经通路生成的研究。特别令人感兴趣的是分子机制和核过程,它们负责实现去甲肾上腺素能表型所需的各种基因的相关表达、胆碱能基因座基因表达的分离以及产生氮能表型所需的基因调控。阐明参与轴突生长、通路选择和突触组织的粘附分子的神经元群体特异性表达,将推进目标选择性自主神经通路生成的研究。
更新日期:2020-09-15
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