Key message

Naringenin exposure altered auxin redistribution via VrPIN1 leading to morphological alterations and significantly reduced the protein precipitable tannins that further enhanced the protein accumulation and bioavailability.

Flavonoid exposure is known to affect the antioxidant profile of legumes. However, a detailed study evaluating the effect of flavonoid naringenin on morphology and biochemical profile of legume is lacking. The present study is a novel report of improved in planta protein bioavailability and antioxidant potential of legume mungbean on naringenin exposure. The quantitative evaluation revealed significant protein accumulation (64–122 μg/g FW) on naringenin exposure. Further, an increase in protein solubility and digestibility compared to control was evident. Naringenin mediated altered α-amylase activity improved the mungbean seed germination rate. Naringenin induced auxin redistribution and altered PIN formed transcript expression reduced lateral root density and increased stem length that was subsequently reverted on exogenous indole acetic acid application. Naringenin enhanced polyphenolic accumulation and improved the antioxidant potential of mungbean. Additionally, the responsiveness of the early gene of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, Chalcone isomerase to naringenin concentration was revealed indicating a probable feedback regulation. Further, the presence of alternate liquiritigenin biosynthesis was also evident. The present study, thus reveals the probable potential of phytochemical naringenin towards agricultural sustainability in the changing environmental conditions.

中文翻译：

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外源柚皮素通过 VrPIN 和生长素在豇豆中的重新分布改善可消化蛋白质的积累和改变形态

关键信息

柚皮素暴露通过 VrPIN1 改变了生长素的重新分布，导致形态学改变，并显着减少了蛋白质可沉淀的单宁，进一步增强了蛋白质积累和生物利用度。

已知类黄酮暴露会影响豆类的抗氧化特性。然而，缺乏评估黄酮类柚皮素对豆科植物形态和生化特征影响的详细研究。本研究是一种新颖的报告提高在植物中豆科绿豆对柚皮素暴露的蛋白质生物利用度和抗氧化潜力。定量评估显示柚皮素暴露有显着的蛋白质积累（64-122 μg/g FW）。此外，与对照相比，蛋白质溶解度和消化率明显增加。柚皮素介导的α-淀粉酶活性改变提高了绿豆种子的发芽率。柚皮素诱导生长素重新分布和改变的 PIN 形成转录物表达降低侧根密度和增加茎长度，随后在外源吲哚乙酸应用中恢复。柚皮素增强了多酚的积累并提高了绿豆的抗氧化能力。此外，黄酮类生物合成途径的早期基因查尔酮异构酶的反应性柚皮素浓度的变化表明可能存在反馈调节。此外，替代甘草素生物合成的存在也很明显。因此，本研究揭示了植物化学柚皮素在不断变化的环境条件下对农业可持续性的可能潜力。