Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic metabolic bone disease characterized by the decrease of bone tissue per unit volume under the combined action of genetic and environmental factors, which leads to the decrease of bone strength, makes the bone brittle, and raises the possibility of bone fracture. However, the exact mechanism that determines the progression of OP remains to be underlined. There are hundreds of trillions of symbiotic bacteria living in the human gut, which have a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with the human body that helps to maintain human health. With the development of modern high-throughput sequencing (HTS) platforms, there has been growing evidence that the gut microbiome may play an important role in the programming of bone metabolism. In the present review, we discuss the potential mechanisms of the gut microbiome in the development of OP, such as alterations of bone metabolism, bone mineral absorption, and immune regulation. The potential of gut microbiome-targeted strategies in the prevention and treatment of OP was also evaluated. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(8):524-530.

中文翻译：

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肠道微生物组和骨质疏松：审查。

骨质疏松症（OP）是一种慢性代谢性骨疾病，其特征是在遗传和环境因素共同作用下单位体积的骨组织减少，这导致骨骼强度降低，使骨骼变脆并增加了骨骼的可能性断裂。但是，确定OP进展的确切机制仍有待强调。人体肠道中存在着数万亿种共生细菌，它们与人体具有互利的共生关系，有助于维持人体健康。随着现代高通量测序（HTS）平台的发展，越来越多的证据表明肠道微生物组可能在骨骼代谢的编程中起重要作用。在目前的评论中，我们讨论了肠道微生物组在OP发展中的潜在机制，例如骨骼代谢，骨骼矿物质吸收和免疫调节的改变。还评估了肠道微生物组靶向策略在预防和治疗OP中的潜力。引用本文：Bone Joint Res 2020; 9（8）：524-530。